2006
DOI: 10.1007/s00464-006-9109-4
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The role of the surgeon in the evolution of flexible endoscopy

Abstract: Several cultures, including the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Arabs, made attempts to view accessible human body cavities using a variety of instruments such as spatulas and specula. The first endoscope was created in 1806 when Phillip Bozzini, a German-born urologist, constructed the lichtleiter, which used concave mirrors to reflect candlelight through an open tube into the esophagus, bladder, or rectum. Maximilian Carl-Friedrich Nitze, another German urologist, produced the first usable cystoscope in 1877 … Show more

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Cited by 48 publications
(23 citation statements)
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“…Following the usage of the first fiber optic endoscopy in 1957 for GIS investigation, the endsocopist surgeon William S. Mc Cune made ERCP in 1968. Yaumans and colleagues who were surgeon stopped in 1969 the gastric bleeding by means of endoscopic intervention and in 1979 the surgeons placed the first PEG [6][7][8][9]. In our country the surgeons showed increased interest to endoscopy in the last 40 years [1].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Following the usage of the first fiber optic endoscopy in 1957 for GIS investigation, the endsocopist surgeon William S. Mc Cune made ERCP in 1968. Yaumans and colleagues who were surgeon stopped in 1969 the gastric bleeding by means of endoscopic intervention and in 1979 the surgeons placed the first PEG [6][7][8][9]. In our country the surgeons showed increased interest to endoscopy in the last 40 years [1].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Philipp Bozzini, the father of endoscopy, Adolf Kussmaul who used sunlight as an artificial light source and known by some authors as the father of gastroenterology, Max Nitze who developed and used cystoscopy, Johann von Mikulicz-Radecki who used rigid gastroscopy for the first time, Dimitrij Oscarovic Ott who performed the first peritoneoscopy with tube endoscopy at the same time with Georg Kelling are all surgeons who demonstratedtheir skills inthe endoscopic area as well (8,15). Kussmaul was the first to use gastric tubes for therapeutic purposes.…”
Section: The Role Of Surgeons In the Evolution Of Endoscopymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nitze developed the first cystoscopy in 1877 (6). Another general surgeon, Johann von Mikulicz-Radecki, was the first to perform rigid gastroscopy under morphine sedation (7,8). The semi-flexible tube endoscope was first developed and used by Georg Kelling in 1898 (9).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…It is clear, however, that flexible endoscopy will continue to evolve. Surgeons have been major contributors in the development of all aspects of endoscopy and we are well positioned to evaluate these technologies for efficacy [21]. …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%