The role of the synovium in repairing cartilage defects

Miyamoto, Ayato; Deie, Masataka; Yamasaki, Takuma; Nakamae, Atsuo; Shinomiya, Rikuo; Adachi, Nobuo; Ochi, Mitsuo

doi:10.1007/s00167-006-0277-5

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Some have reported cell recruitment from synovial membrane for cartilage defect repair. 7,8 Furthermore, synovium is the only tissue that can produce hyaline cartilage in benign conditions, such as in synovial chondromatosis and osteochondral spurs in osteoarthritis, which suggests that synovial membrane acts as a cell source for articular cartilage repair. 9,10 Sakaguchi et al 11 demonstrated the superiority of synovium as a source of MSCs for clinical applications.…”

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Changes in chondrogenic phenotype and gene expression profiles associated with the in vitro expansion of human synovium‐derived cells

Han

Lee

Kim

et al. 2010

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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We undertook this study to characterize changes in the proliferative capacities, chondrogenic phenotypes, and gene expression profiles of human synovium-derived progenitor cells from osteoarthritic patients during in vitro expansion. Cells isolated from osteoarthritic synovia were cultured, and growth rates during serial passages were evaluated. Surface molecule expressions were determined by flow cytometry and cytogenetic analyses were performed. After chondrogenic differentiation in cell pellets, we evaluated type II collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis. To assess whether the in vitro expansion of synovium-derived cells affects gene expression, we performed microarray analyses on cells at passage 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8. Synovium-derived cells were rapidly expanded in vitro through passage 8 (about 130 days), and after passage 6, the proliferation rates decreased slightly with a wide range of individual variations. The expressions of CD166, CD49a, and CD106 decreased, whereas those of CD10, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 showed no significant change. Karyotype analysis revealed no evidence of chromosome abnormalities. The staining of type II collagen and GAG in differentiated cell pellets showed rapid weakening. Genome-wide microarray analysis showed that synovium-derived cells from late passages over-expressed genes associated with cell cycle prolongation and cell aging, and less-expressed genes associated with cell growth stimulation. The in vitro expansion of synovium-derived cells was accompanied with decreased proliferative capacity and the chondrogenic phenotype, which might be modulated by change in gene expression patterns. ß

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confidence: 99%

Changes in chondrogenic phenotype and gene expression profiles associated with the in vitro expansion of human synovium‐derived cells

Han

Lee

Kim

et al. 2010

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Recently, it has been shown that SDCs have great proliferation and differentiation potential. [11][12][13][14][15] De Bari et al 11 first reported that synovium-derived MSCs demonstrated multipotent differentiation, specifically chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, myogenesis, and adipogenesis, in vitro. Sakaguchi et al 13 have reported that human synovium-derived MSCs had a greater proliferation and chondrogenic ability than MSCs derived from other tissues such as the bone marrow, periosteum, adipose tissue, and muscle, in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13][14][15] Synovial tissues are easy to harvest and may be collected from any joint without damaging the articular cartilage. We therefore evaluated the method of transplanting SDCs for repairing articular cartilage defects.…”

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Articular cartilage repair using an intra‐articular magnet and synovium‐derived cells

Hori

Deie

Kobayashi

et al. 2010

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the chondrogenic potential of magnetically labeled synovium-derived cells (M-SDCs) and examine whether M-SDCs could repair the articular cartilage using an intra-articular magnet after delivery to the lesion. Synovium-derived cells (SDCs) were cultured from the synovium of a rat knee, and were magnetically labeled with ferumoxides. M-SDCs were examined with a transmission electron microscope. A pellet culture system was used to evaluate the chondrogenic potential of M-SDCs in a magnetic field. In a rat model, allogeneic M-SDCs were injected into the knee after we made an osteochondral defect on the patellar groove and implanted an intra-articular magnet at the bottom of the defect. We histologically examined the defects at 48 h, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment. Electron microscopy showed the transfection of ferumoxides into SDCs. The pellet cultures revealed the chondrogenic potential of M-SDCs in a magnetic field. M-SDCs accumulated in the osteochondral defect at 48 h after treatment, and we confirmed the regeneration of the articular cartilage at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment using an intra-articular magnet. We demonstrated that articular cartilage defects could be repaired using an intra-articular magnet and M-SDCs. We believe that this system will be useful to repair human articular cartilage defects. Keywords: cell delivery system; magnet; synovium; intra-articular injection; cartilage repair Articular cartilage is well known to have very limited self-healing potential. There are many procedures, including drilling, abrasion, microfracture, and distraction, for repairing the articular cartilage.1-7 However, the defects are repaired by fibrous tissues during those procedures, 6,8 and a routine procedure for articular cartilage defect repair has not yet been established.Currently, engineered cartilage tissues are in widespread clinical use, and good clinical results have been achieved with these tissues.9,10 However, this procedure requires the harvesting of a small amount of cartilage tissues from the patient prior to cartilage transplantation. It is therefore necessary to implement a lessinvasive procedure.Recently, synovium-derived cells (SDCs) have been found to have a high potential for both proliferation and differentiation.11-15 Synovial tissues are easy to harvest and may be collected from any joint without damaging the articular cartilage. We therefore evaluated the method of transplanting SDCs for repairing articular cartilage defects.Previous studies have suggested that intra-articular injected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mobilize to the injured tissues. 16 This transplantation was less invasive, but was inefficient because the injected cells spread throughout the joint space. Consequently, we created an intra-articular magnet which had a strong magnetic force, for efficient transplantation. The delivered cells were magnetically labeled with ferumoxides, which is approved by the United States Food and Drug Admi...

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“…Therefore, intra-articular enrichment in these growth factors and progenitor cells might be involved in the repair processes of injured cartilage following ACL reconstruction. Among the intra-articular tissues, the importance of the synovium has been suggested in the repair of various intra-articular tissues including cruciate ligaments [29][30][31], meniscus [32,33] and cartilage [34], whose intrinsic healing capacity is regarded as limited. In this regard, the femoral condyles could have a geometrical advantage which might relate to the location-specific enhanced-healing capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The location-specific healing response of damaged articular cartilage after ACL reconstruction: short-term follow-up

Nakamura

Horibe

Toritsuka

et al. 2008

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthr

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Although many different interventions have been proposed for treating cartilage lesions at the time of ACL reconstruction, the normal healing response of these injuries has not been well documented. To address this point, we compared the arthroscopic status of chondral lesions at the time of ACL reconstruction with that obtained at second-look arthroscopy. We hypothesized that there might be a location-specific difference in the healing response of damaged articular cartilage. Between September 1998 and March 2000, 383 patients underwent arthroscopically-assisted hamstring ACL reconstruction without any intervention to the articular cartilage. Among these patients, 84 patients underwent second-look arthroscopy (ranging from 6 to 52 months following initial surgery) and make up the population of the present study. Chondral injuries, left untreated at ACL reconstruction, were arthroscopically evaluated using the Outerbridge classification, and were again evaluated at second-look arthroscopy. At second-look arthroscopy, there was significant recovery of chondral lesions by Outerbridge grading on both the medial and lateral femoral condyles. Among the recovered chondral lesions, 69% of cases of the medial femoral condyle, 88% of cases of the lateral femoral condyle were partial thickness injuries (grade I and II). Conversely, there was no significant recovery of chondral lesions observed at the patello-femoral joint or tibial plateaus. Our study revealed that there was a location-specific difference in the natural healing response of chondral injury. Untreated cartilage lesions on the femoral condlyes had a superior healing response compared to those on the tibial plateaus, and in the patello-femoral joint.

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The role of the synovium in repairing cartilage defects

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Changes in chondrogenic phenotype and gene expression profiles associated with the in vitro expansion of human synovium‐derived cells

Changes in chondrogenic phenotype and gene expression profiles associated with the in vitro expansion of human synovium‐derived cells

Articular cartilage repair using an intra‐articular magnet and synovium‐derived cells

The location-specific healing response of damaged articular cartilage after ACL reconstruction: short-term follow-up

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