The Role of the Time Factor in Feeding Supplementary Proteins

Geiger, E.; Geiger, Leslie E.

doi:10.1093/jn/36.6.813

Cited by 50 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Table 3 shows that if equal quantities of protein from bread and from cheese, or from milk and from potato, were given together the biological value of the mixture was the same as that of the animal protein in each pair of foods, but there was no such supplementary effect if the rats received the proteins on alternate days (Henry & Kon, 1946). Geiger (1948), in growth tests with rats, observed a similar supplementary effect between pairs of proteins when eaten together, but not when one component of the pair was eaten 12 h before the other (Table 4). Young women also retained nitrogen better from a diet supplying 63 g protein daily when the milk (about 22 g protein) was distributed equally between three meals than if the breakfast portion was taken with the midday meal (Leverton & Gram, 1949); taking the midday portion 82 SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS I958 …”

Section: Vol 17mentioning

confidence: 84%

The nutritive value of proteins: general considerations

Henry¹,

Kon²

1958

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Section: Vol 17mentioning

confidence: 84%

The nutritive value of proteins: general considerations

Henry¹,

Kon²

1958

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Regular intake of dietary protein is necessary because, unlike fat and carbohydrate, excess amino acids are not stored (88). Thus it is not unreasonable to expect animals to detect and respond to dietary protein sources.…”

Section: Oral and Postoral Protein Sensing And Preferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of gut nutrient sensing in stimulating appetite and conditioning food preferences

Sclafani

Ackroff

2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

167

186

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The discovery of taste and nutrient receptors (chemosensors) in the gut has led to intensive research on their functions. Whereas oral sugar, fat, and umami taste receptors stimulate nutrient appetite, these and other chemosensors in the gut have been linked to digestive, metabolic, and satiating effects that influence nutrient utilization and inhibit appetite. Gut chemosensors may have an additional function as well: to provide positive feedback signals that condition food preferences and stimulate appetite. The postoral stimulatory actions of nutrients are documented by flavor preference conditioning and appetite stimulation produced by gastric and intestinal infusions of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Recent findings suggest an upper intestinal site of action, although postabsorptive nutrient actions may contribute to flavor preference learning. The gut chemosensors that generate nutrient conditioning signals remain to be identified; some have been excluded, including sweet (T1R3) and fatty acid (CD36) sensors. The gut-brain signaling pathways (neural, hormonal) are incompletely understood, although vagal afferents are implicated in glutamate conditioning but not carbohydrate or fat conditioning. Brain dopamine reward systems are involved in postoral carbohydrate and fat conditioning but less is known about the reward systems mediating protein/glutamate conditioning. Continued research on the postoral stimulatory actions of nutrients may enhance our understanding of human food preference learning.

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“…Such a high dietary protein level does not reflect conditions corresponding to ecological malnutrition. Nonetheless, it allows us to examine the metabolic responses to sharp variations in diet quality, where the protein level is artificially raised, compared to a protein level which is marginal or submarginal (14 and 10%, respectively) [4], Investigations carried out by G eiger over 20 years ago [5,6] showed that a delay of 4-5 h in supplementing with methionine, as well as with lysine and tryptophan, an otherwise complete amino-acid mixture, was enough to prevent the normal growth of young rats. In addition, supplementing proteins of an individually low biological value had to be given together in order to achieve their optimum utilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Intermittent Supplementation

Ferro-Luzzi¹,

Migliaccio²,

Sorrentino³

et al. 1972

Ann Nutr Metab

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A discontinuous casein supplementationat 24-hour intervals of an only-gluten diet was reported previously to result in an incomplete growth recovery, as well as a delayed liver-cell maturation when the protein level in the diet was 10%. When such a discontinuous supplementation was carried out at 14% protein level, the growth recovery was sufficient to ensure a practically normal terminal body weight; but a delay in liver-cell multiplication was found. Moreover, at both protein levels, the recovery rate on the day of supplementation appeared to depend on the level of nitrogen intake rather than on the balance existing between non-supplemented and supplemented diets. The effects of 24- and 48-hour intervals between successive casein supplements of a 30-percent only-gluten protein diet on growing rats have now been investigated. The results indicate that, at this artificially high protein level, the utilization of the dietary protein, as indicated by several criteria (PER, NGI, NPU), does not appear to be impaired by discontinuity in the supplementation, even when the intervals are as long as 48 h. The growth recovery is complete, and the carcass and liver composition values fall within the normal range. In the liver, at the cellular level, the results indicate a lack of interference with both the cell maturation and multiplication. In addition, the liver cell ability to ‘store’ nitrogen in high-protein diets appears unimpaired by discontinuity in supplementation under the conditions investigated in the present study.

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The Role of the Time Factor in Feeding Supplementary Proteins

Cited by 50 publications

References 9 publications

The nutritive value of proteins: general considerations

The nutritive value of proteins: general considerations

Role of gut nutrient sensing in stimulating appetite and conditioning food preferences

Studies on Intermittent Supplementation

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