2004
DOI: 10.1159/000078935
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The Role of the Zygomatic Arch in the Statics of the Skull and Its Adaptive Shape

Abstract: The zygomatic arch of mammals is usually considered a phylogenetic relic of the fenestrations of the skull roof which may be observed in morphological sequences of primitive vertebrate skulls. If this concept is correct, the element is comparable (though not homologous) to the jugal arches of diapsid reptiles. Two major questions then remain unanswered: why different elements are maintained in reptiles and mammals during evolution, and why the arches are maintained as relics of ancestral forms. It is tempting … Show more

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Cited by 29 publications
(30 citation statements)
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“…This is not in full agreement with Pauwels' version of Wolff's law, nor with our own results obtained in other studies, which suggest that the essential stresses that lead to the apposition of bone material are compressive. As a matter of fact, the zygomatic arch seems to be exposed to compressive and bending stresses as well by the action of the jaw muscles, as documented by exper- imental evidence (Rafferty et al, 2000) and as discussed by Witzel et al (2004). This sort of stressing occurs in biting and chewing and cannot be made visible in a 2D FEA mode such as the one investigated here.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Synapsid Skull Shapesmentioning
confidence: 51%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…This is not in full agreement with Pauwels' version of Wolff's law, nor with our own results obtained in other studies, which suggest that the essential stresses that lead to the apposition of bone material are compressive. As a matter of fact, the zygomatic arch seems to be exposed to compressive and bending stresses as well by the action of the jaw muscles, as documented by exper- imental evidence (Rafferty et al, 2000) and as discussed by Witzel et al (2004). This sort of stressing occurs in biting and chewing and cannot be made visible in a 2D FEA mode such as the one investigated here.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Synapsid Skull Shapesmentioning
confidence: 51%
“…In our previous work on skulls, we sought to explain the morphological diversity seen in humans, fossil precursors of modern humans, and living apes Preuschoft, 1999, 2002;Witzel, 2002, 2004a,b;Witzel et al, 2004). The present article examines the functional conditions that have led to the skull shapes of the earliest forerunners of mammals and of primitive primates.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some researchers have taken the approach of building abstract representations of a structure (Witzel and Preuschoft, 1999;Jenkins et al, 2002;Witzel et al, 2004). Here, researchers are attempting to model, in a traditional sense of the term, a complex system as a simplified abstraction.…”
Section: Validation and Interpretationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Without such attempts at validation, it is often difficult to evaluate whether the results have any significance in the real world. Unfortunately, most FEA studies to date in functional morphology literature or in the large clinical FEA literature include little or no validation of their models (Spears and Crompton, 1996;Spears and Macho, 1998;Macho and Spears, 1999;Witzel and Preuschoft, 1999;Rayfield et al, 2001;Witzel et al, 2004;Ryan and van Rietbergen, 2005).…”
Section: Validation and Interpretationmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation