The Role of Thiamine in Plants and Current Perspectives in Crop Improvement

Abstract

Current research is focusing on selecting potential genes that can alleviate stress and produce disease-tolerant crop variety. The novel paradigm is to investigate the potential of thiamine as a crop protection molecule in plants. Thiamine or vitamin B 1 is important for primary metabolism for all living organisms. The active form, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), is a cofactor for the enzymes involved in the synthesis of amino acids, tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. Recently, thiamine is shown to have a role in the processes underlying protection of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of this chapter is to review the role of thiamine in plant growth and disease protection and also to highlight that TPP and its intermediates are involved in management of stress. The perspectives on its potential for manipulating the biosynthesis pathway in crop improvement will also be discussed.

Ascorbate and Thiamin: Metabolic Modulators in Plant Acclimation Responses

“…Thiamin is also known as a potent antioxidant and a crop protection molecule in plants, playing important roles in plant acclimation [17]. It has been shown that thiamin has the antioxidant capacity by O 2− /OH − scavenging and also recycling of vitamin C through the synthesis of NADPH [17,33]. Further, it has been revealed that paraquat-treated Arabidopsis, supplied by thiamin had reduced oxidative stress compounds, protein carbonyls, and dichlorofluorescein.…”

“…Thiamin has also been shown to be involved in the acclimation responses to abiotic stresses and photoperiod [28][29][30][31][32]. It plays important roles, working directly as an antioxidant, scavenging ROS, and protection molecule, and indirectly by contributing to the cell energy poll, conferring the cell the necessary metabolic flexibility to acclimate to new conditions [17,32,33].…”

Combining transcriptome analysis and GWAS for identification and validation of marker genes in thePhysalis peruviana-Fusarium oxysporumpathosystem

“…These domains are well known for being involved in downstream signaling (i.e., mitogen-activated protein kinases) after pathogen recognition through either PTI or ETI (Jones & Dangl, 2006) We also found candidate genes with associated domains such as AP2, ubiquitin and patatine-like domains, as well as: plant auxin responsive proteins, glycosyl hydrolases proteins, superoxide dismutase, and others (Table 1). In general, these candidate genes are involved with the expression or synthesis of defense-related compounds, triggered by a possible Foph recognition through either PTI or ETI in P. peruviana as reported in other species (Dreher & Callis, 2007;Minic, 2008;Bielach, Hrtyan & Tognetti, 2017;Subki, Abidin & Yusof, 2018;Najafi, Sorkheh & Nasernakhaei, 2018;Cheng, Song & Wu, 2019).…”

RNA Sequencing of Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings after Non-Thermal Plasma-Seed Treatment Reveals Upregulation in Plant Stress and Defense Pathways

“…Biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates starts out from alanine, valine, and leucine, with the most abundant group of aliphatic glucosinolates synthesized from methionine [ 50 ]. This would explain the upregulation of branched-chain amino acids as well as the increase in B1 ( Figure 7 A), a vitamin that is involved in amino acid synthesis, pentose phosphate, and TCA cycle and is being increasingly recognized and linked with plant defense [ 51 , 52 ]. Moreover, this complements the observed enrichment of oxoacid Figure 7 A and Figure S6A ), which is linked with generalist herbivory, possibly through glucosinolates [ 53 , 54 ].…”