The Role of Thyroid Hormone in Neuronal Protection

Liu, Yanyun; Brent, Gregory A.

doi:10.1002/cphy.c200019

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 184 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…If the level of thyroid hormone is deficient at this stage, it will lead to the maturation disorder of fetal cortical pyramid cells and glial cells. The involvement of thyroid hormone in the occurrence and formation of neurons in the hippocampus and somatosensory area cortex has been confirmed in previous studies [ 25 ]. A follow-up survey of the offspring of pregnant women with subacute hypothyroidism at 20 weeks of pregnancy found that [ 26 ], compared with the 30-month exercise and intelligence scores of the offspring of normal pregnant women, the exercise and intelligence scores of the offspring of pregnant women with subacute hypothyroidism were significantly lower.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Effect of Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets on Pregnancy Outcome and Offspring Development Quotient of SCH during Pregnancy

Qian

Sun

2022

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. To investigate the effect of levothyroxine sodium tablets (L-T4) on pregnancy outcome and offspring development quotient in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) during pregnancy. Material and Methods. Pregnant women with gestational age less than 12 weeks who underwent the first prenatal examination in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were prospectively selected as subjects. According to the level of thyroid hormone in pregnant women, they were divided into the treatment group (n = 63) and received L-T4 treatment, untreated group (n = 64), and control group (n = 54). Three groups of pregnancy outcomes, children’s physical development, and the development of offspring were compared at when one full year of life. Results. After treatment, the contrast difference of the three groups about abortion and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The abortion rate and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the untreated group were higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The contrast difference of the treatment group and control group about abortion and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ); The contrast difference of the three groups about a filial generation at birth and one-year-old body length is not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ). The contrast difference between the three groups of individual children who are one-year old having the individual action energy, material ability, speech ability, and human ability is statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). One-year-old developmental quotient (DQ) of the treatment group and control group was higher than that of the untreated group ( P < 0.05 ); the Pearson correlation analysis showed that the treatment group TSH levels have no correlation between the offspring developmental quotient (DQ) level of one-year-old children ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Levothyroxine sodium tablets (L-T4) can not only improve the pregnancy outcome of patients with SCH during pregnancy but also play a positive role in improving the neurointellectual development of their offspring.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Effect of Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets on Pregnancy Outcome and Offspring Development Quotient of SCH during Pregnancy

Qian

Sun

2022

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…HPT axis is responsible for the release of thyroid hormones [TH, thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3)], important participants in energy homeostasis. TH act on multiple cell types and regulate development, growth and function of brain and other tissues through life-span, basal metabolic rate, non-facultative thermogenesis, muscular contraction, energy expenditure, heart rate stimulation, and the expression and activities of many proteins involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism ( 2 , 8 , 9 ). The activity of the axis is controlled by the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from hypophysiotropic neurons localized in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) that project their axons to the median eminence (ME) and release the processed TRH from their nerve terminals located close to portal vessels and to tanycytes ( Figure 1A ) ( 1 , 3 , 5 ).…”

Section: Hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TH are required, not only for the adequate development of central nervous system but also for its adequate function throughout life, which explains why hypothyroidism can affect mood and behavior, cognition, memory, visual attention and motor skills ( 9 , 84 ). Thyroid deficiency during development affects the adequate development of brain which, depending on the stage of development, may induce several diseases as for example affect neural circuitry and cause autism observed more in boys.…”

Section: Sex Dimorphism Of Hpt Axis Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During gestation, embryos depend on the hormonal milieu of the mother for an adequate development of organs and tissues, especially the brain; her nutrition, or exposure to drugs and toxins, can affect the developmental programming of the offspring ( 143 ). TH are essential in brain development, so any event that diminishes their production or signaling in the mother such as exposure to GC, stressors, toxins, or nutrient unbalance during development causes many deleterious effects in offspring brain such as decreased cognition ( 9 , 111 , 144 ); again, few reports studied differences according to sex. TSH plasma concentration is higher in female rat offspring of mothers that consume alcohol or glucose during lactation than male ( 145 ).…”

Section: Stress and Hpt Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sex Dimorphic Responses of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis to Energy Demands and Stress

Sotelo-Rivera

Gutiérrez-Mata

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid-axis (HPT) is one of the main neuroendocrine axes that control energy expenditure. The activity of hypophysiotropic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) neurons is modulated by nutritional status, energy demands and stress, all of which are sex dependent. Sex dimorphism has been associated with sex steroids whose concentration vary along the life-span, but also to sex chromosomes that define not only sexual characteristics but the expression of relevant genes. In this review we describe sex differences in basal HPT axis activity and in its response to stress and to metabolic challenges in experimental animals at different stages of development, as well as some of the limited information available on humans. Literature review was accomplished by searching in Pubmed under the following words: “sex dimorphic” or “sex differences” or “female” or “women” and “thyrotropin” or “thyroid hormones” or “deiodinases” and “energy homeostasis” or “stress”. The most representative articles were discussed, and to reduce the number of references, selected reviews were cited.

show abstract

“…Thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3) injections have been shown to increase the expression of BDNF in different pathological models (stroke [ 15 , 16 ], Alzheimer’s disease [ 17 ], and axotomy [ 18 ]). In addition, several studies have demonstrated that TH treatment after traumatic brain injury reduces lesion size, inflammation, and promotes neurogenesis and neuronal survival to improve functional recovery through genomic and non-genomic actions (for review see [ 19 , 20 ]). Finally, even though the molecular events by which TH regulate energy metabolism are still not fully understood [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], this essential function could rebalance the activity between the two homologous VN and promote vestibular compensation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Thyroxine Improves Vestibular Compensation in a Rat Model of Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathy: Cellular and Behavioral Aspects

Rastoldo

Marouane

Mahmoudi

et al. 2022

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unilateral vestibular lesions induce a vestibular syndrome, which recovers over time due to vestibular compensation. The therapeutic effect of L-Thyroxine (L-T4) on vestibular compensation was investigated by behavioral testing and immunohistochemical analysis in a rat model of unilateral vestibular neurectomy (UVN). We demonstrated that a short-term L-T4 treatment reduced the vestibular syndrome and significantly promoted vestibular compensation. Thyroid hormone receptors (TRα and TRβ) and type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) were present in the vestibular nuclei (VN), supporting a local action of L-T4. We confirmed the T4-induced metabolic effects by demonstrating an increase in the number of cytochrome oxidase-labeled neurons in the VN three days after the lesion. L-T4 treatment modulated glial reaction by decreasing both microglia and oligodendrocytes in the deafferented VN three days after UVN and increased cell proliferation. Survival of newly generated cells in the deafferented vestibular nuclei was not affected, but microglial rather than neuronal differentiation was favored by L-T4 treatment.

show abstract

The Role of Thyroid Hormone in Neuronal Protection

Cited by 25 publications

References 184 publications

Effect of Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets on Pregnancy Outcome and Offspring Development Quotient of SCH during Pregnancy

Effect of Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets on Pregnancy Outcome and Offspring Development Quotient of SCH during Pregnancy

Sex Dimorphic Responses of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis to Energy Demands and Stress

L-Thyroxine Improves Vestibular Compensation in a Rat Model of Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathy: Cellular and Behavioral Aspects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About