The role of tin and magnesium in assisting liquid phase sintering of aluminum (Al)

Jamal, Nur Ayuni; Yusof, Farazila; Nor, Yusilawati Ahmad; Othman, Marini; Khalid, Khalisanni; Zakaria, M. N.

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/290/1/012008

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Recent literature corroborates the claim that sintering may include solid-state diffusion between aluminum, magnesium, and tin atoms, potentially resulting in the creation of alloy phases that impact the characteristics of the material [32][33][34]. Intermetallic compounds are created and electron exchange occurs during the alloying of aluminum with magnesium and tin [24]. The microstructure and properties of the composite material may be impacted by the atomic-level processes.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Powder bonding can be improved in this way [22,23]. The mechanical characteristics of aluminum components can be improved by adopting a sintering method that incorporates magnesium element powder [24]. Magnesium can decrease the surface Al2O3 coating on aluminum alloy powder and speed up the sintering process, both of which increase the material's tensile strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Powdered tin, when added to a combination of aluminum powder and magnesium powder, is said to help the powders compact more tightly. Powder metallurgy's liquid phase sintering process for aluminum can benefit from the addition of Sn and Mg [24,25]. The aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate the influence of cenospheres and Mg-Sn alloy on the mechanical and tribological properties of aluminum foam composites, including density, Vickers compressive hardness, friction coefficients, wear rates, and compressive strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Synergistic Impact of Cenosphere and Mg-Sn Alloy on the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Foam Composites

Hussein,

Eqal

2024

RCMA

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The objective of this investigation is to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of aluminum foam composites through the incorporation of cenospheres and a Mg-Sn alloy. Cenospheres, lightweight ceramic microspheres, are integrated as fillers within the metal matrix composites, capitalizing on their high strength-to-weight ratio and buoyancy. The synergistic effect of the Mg-Sn alloy addition is postulated to fortify the composite, augmenting its strength. These lightweight yet robust composites are poised to offer significant benefits in sectors demanding high performance and reduced weight, such as aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering. A meticulous examination of density, hardness, friction coefficients, and wear rates was conducted. It was observed that the inclusion of cenospheres precipitated a decrease in density from 2.51 to 2.01 g/cm 3 with a volume fraction increase from 0 to 55%. The introduction of 0.8% Mg-Sn alloy to a blend of 55% cenosphere and 44.2% aluminum resulted in a density increment to 2.14 g/cm 3 . Concurrently, the Vickers hardness exhibited an increase from 37 HV to 53 HV with a rising cenosphere concentration and further escalated to 57 HV upon the addition of the Mg-Sn alloy. Tribological testing revealed that the friction coefficient diminished from 0.293 to 0.235 µ with an escalated cenosphere volume from 25 to 55%. The integration of 0.4% Mg and 0.4% Sn alloy was demonstrated to significantly enhance the friction behavior compared to the pure aluminum and aluminum-cenosphere composites at a 55% volume fraction. The wear rate exhibited a pronounced decrease from 1.957 × 10 -6 to 1.1245 × 10 -6 g/cm under a 10 N load, which correlated with the increasing cenosphere content. This trend persisted under 20 N and 30 N loads, where wear rates diminished with a higher cenosphere volume fraction. The composition comprising 55% cenosphere and 0.8% Mg-Sn alloy manifested the lowest wear rates across varying stress conditions. Compression testing underscored a consistent decrease in compressive strength from 160 MPa to 65 MPa as the cenosphere content rose from 0 to 55%. However, the composite with 55% cenosphere sees a dramatic rise in compressive strength when Mg and Sn are introduced at 0.8 vol.%. Observed changes in density, hardness, friction and wear rates indicate that composite properties can be improved. These composites have the ability to combine mechanical strength with lightweight design, making them attractive for industrial applications.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Synergistic Impact of Cenosphere and Mg-Sn Alloy on the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Foam Composites

Hussein,

Eqal

2024

RCMA

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“…Thus, magnesium was used as a sintering agent to react with Al 2 O 3 and form crystalline spinel (3MgAl 2 O 4 ) and/or (3MgO) which can be easily bonded [26,27]. Moreover, tin was also used as a sintering agent because of its low melting temperature which prompts phase sintering, leading to denser compact material [28]. Mg and Sn were used with similar and fixed amounts to that used by Macaskill et al [27].…”

Section: Characterization Of Raw and Mixture Powdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of mechanical and tribological properties of hybrid green eggshells and graphite-reinforced aluminum composites

Almomani

Hayajneh

Al-Shrida

2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Low cost, low density and good thermal stability of hens' eggshells make them a new reinforcement material. Further, eggshell (Es) is considered as a renewable eco-friendly material. Besides, its waste causes insect infestation and therefore pollution problems. Graphite (Gr) is one of the most commonly used reinforcements due to its self-lubricating properties. Hence, the current work aims to use the powder metallurgy technique to fabricate various aluminum matrix composites having different weight percentages of hybrid green particles (eggshells and graphite). Sintering additives such as magnesium and tin were used to improve the density. Firstly, the powders were manually mixed and cold compacted at 475 MPa and then sintered at 630 °C for 2 h. A pin-on-disk wear, Vickers hardness and compressive strength tests were used to investigate the mechanical and tribological properties. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the morphology and microstructure of the produced composites as well as wear mechanisms. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) test was used to investigate the elemental composition of the composites. The results showed that adding graphite to the aluminum matrix composite containing eggshell has a positive impact on the tribological properties of the composite up to a certain limit (1.5 wt%). However, the additional increase in graphite content has an adverse effect. Hybrid composites with 3 wt% eggshell show the best compressive strength and hardness, whereas hybrid composite with 9 wt% eggshell has the lowest compressive strength and hardness. The mass loss of the hybrid composite increases with the increase in the graphite weight percentages regardless of the eggshell weight percentages. The combination of SEM micrographs and EDX showed signs for three wear mechanisms: abrasive, adhesive and delaminated wear in the examined composites.

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Sintering of Aluminum Alloys. Processing and Properties

Navas

Palenzuela

2022

Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and Alloys

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The role of tin and magnesium in assisting liquid phase sintering of aluminum (Al)

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Investigating the Synergistic Impact of Cenosphere and Mg-Sn Alloy on the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Foam Composites

Investigating the Synergistic Impact of Cenosphere and Mg-Sn Alloy on the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Foam Composites

Investigation of mechanical and tribological properties of hybrid green eggshells and graphite-reinforced aluminum composites

Sintering of Aluminum Alloys. Processing and Properties

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