The Role of Titanium Dioxide (E171) and the Requirements for Replacement Materials in Oral Solid Dosage Forms: An IQ Consortium Working Group Review

Near-Infrared-Enhanced Dual Enzyme-Mimicking Ag–TiO2–x@Alginate Microspheres with Antibactericidal and Oxygeneration Abilities to Treat Periodontitis

“…More treatment time was used for microsized TiO 2– x compared with the nanosized one possibly due to different surface area ratios. TiO 2 is one of the most commonly used pharmaceutical excipients and is used very often in solid oral dosage forms and in semisolid oral dosage forms as a white pigment or opacifier. , We believe that usage of microsized TiO 2– x instead of nano-TiO 2– x is beneficial for clinical transformation by avoiding the uncertain toxicity and biosafety concerns of nanomaterials. Although the negative nano-TiO 2 effects on human health have not been fully demonstrated yet, in vitro and in vivo small animal tests have reported that TiO 2 nanoparticles are more dangerous than microsized ones. , As a kind of nondegradable metal oxide nanomaterial, nano-TiO 2 would build up in tissues or organs through the hematologic system or digestive system .…”

“…TiO 2 is one of the most commonly used pharmaceutical excipients and is used very often in solid oral dosage forms and in semisolid oral dosage forms as a white pigment or opacifier. 30,39 We believe that usage of microsized TiO 2−x instead of nano-TiO 2−x is beneficial for clinical transformation by avoiding the uncertain toxicity and biosafety concerns of nanomaterials. Although the negative nano-TiO 2 effects on human health have not been fully demonstrated yet, in vitro and in vivo small animal tests have reported that TiO 2 nanoparticles are more dangerous than microsized ones.…”

“…Titania (TiO 2 ) has many advantages such as excellent chemical stability, biocompatibility, and low cost, and it has been widely applied in biomedical fields. 27−29 TiO 2 is one of the most commonly used pharmaceutical excipients as white pigments or opacifiers, 30 further indicating its biocompatibility and safety. Oxygen-deficient titania (TiO 2−x ), derived from TiO 2 via reduction treatment, possesses multiple properties including photocatalytic activity, POD-like catalytic activity, and photothermal property and their synergistic effects.…”

“…Titania (TiO 2 ) has many advantages such as excellent chemical stability, biocompatibility, and low cost, and it has been widely applied in biomedical fields. − TiO 2 is one of the most commonly used pharmaceutical excipients as white pigments or opacifiers, further indicating its biocompatibility and safety. Oxygen-deficient titania (TiO 2– x ), derived from TiO 2 via reduction treatment, possesses multiple properties including photocatalytic activity, POD-like catalytic activity, and photothermal property and their synergistic effects. − As a result, TiO 2– x has acquired greatly extended research interests in antitumor and antibacterial therapies with high efficiency. , Our previous studies demonstrated the near-infrared (NIR)-induced photothermally enhanced Fenton-like activity of nano-TiO 2– x , which can greatly activate H 2 O 2 to produce hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) for discolored-tooth bleaching .…”

Application of text-mining techniques for extraction and analysis of paracetamol and ibuprofen marketed products' qualitative composition

“…PAR hard capsules formulations contain typical excipients, including gelatin for the capsule shell formation, titanium dioxide as a white pigment and opacifier, and magnesium stearate, primarily used as a lubricant in capsule and tablet manufacturing (25). Titanium dioxide has been recognized as a potentially genotoxic excipient and great efforts are being made to find a suitable alternative regarding tablet and/or capsule opacifiers (28). In addition, sodium lauryl sulphate, used as solubilizing agent and lubricant in tablets and capsules formulations (29), was identified in many formulations.…”