The Role of Tooth-brushing and Diet in the Maintenance of Periodontal Health in Dogs

Görrel, Cecilia; Rawlings, John M.

doi:10.1177/089875649601300405

Cited by 68 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Plaque formation occurs in three stages, initially salivary glycoproteins adhere to the tooth surface to form the pellicle, this is followed by initial bacterial adhesion and finally plaque maturation (Niemiec 2012, Lobprise & Dodd 2019. Plaque can become mineralised to form calculus (tartar) which does not directly initiate the disease but does provide a porous surface to which new plaque can adhere (Schroeder 1965, Legeros & Shannon 1979, Harvey 2005, Niemiec 2012, Gorrel 2013, Lobprise & Dodd 2019. It is generally accepted that the inflammation and resulting tissue damage is due to an improperly regulated immune response to bacterial infection rather than damage solely from bacterial pathogens themselves (Van Dyke and Sheilesh 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…stress, nutrition, oral care, chewing habits) or those which are intrinsic to the individual and not easily changed (e.g. host response, genetic factors, ageing) (Harvey 1998, Van Dyke and Sheilesh 2005, Van Dyke 2009, Gorrel 2013, Niemiec 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early stage periodontal disease is not associated with severe pain or discomfort but as the disease progresses periodontal abscesses and ulcers in the mucus membranes can develop which can be extremely painful (Niemiec 2008, Gorrel 2013. Additionally the continuing loss of attachment and associated bone loss causes the tooth to become mobile and eventually lost (Harvey 2005, Niemiec 2012, Gorrel 2013. In some breeds, particularly smaller breeds such as Yorkshire terriers, alveolar bone loss can result in pathological fracture of the mandible (Harvey 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the frequency and impact of periodontal disease in dogs

Wallis¹,

Holcombe²

2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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Periodontal disease is a frequent problem seen in veterinary practices. Primary‐care veterinary practices, where diagnosis of periodontal disease is predominantly based on visual oral assessment of conscious dogs, report an average prevalence of 9.3 to 18.2% within the dog population. Detailed examinations of anaesthetised dogs report much higher prevalence of between 44 and 100%. The prevalence and severity of periodontitis varies between sizes of dogs, breeds and individuals. The lack of robust evaluation of these variances opens the opportunity for a review of the topic. A literature search was therefore undertaken to determine the frequency and extent (severity and oral location) of periodontal disease in the dog population. Both clinical and retrospective data based surveys of veterinary records, show there is an increased likelihood of developing periodontitis as age increases and with bodyweight decreases. The maxillary and mandibular incisors, fourth premolars and first molars are likely to develop the disease first although in some breeds the canines may also be involved. Poor oral care is a significant risk factor for the development of periodontal disease although diet, behaviour, environment and genetics are also likely to play a role. The information provided in this review can be used by veterinarians to improve the effectiveness of their diagnosis, treatments and interventions by focussing their efforts on the sizes, breeds and individuals most at risk. Given the potential link between periodontal disease and systemic health, veterinarians have the opportunity to positively impact the quality of life of a large number of dogs and therefore their owners.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the frequency and impact of periodontal disease in dogs

Wallis¹,

Holcombe²

2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…In dogs, as in humans, daily tooth brushing is considered the gold standard for prophylaxis and prevention of periodontal disease progression [13][14][15][16][17]. Previous studies on beagle dog colonies have provided evidence suggesting that tooth brushing three times a week might be sufficient for maintaining dental health in beagles with clinically healthy gingiva.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental home care in dogs - a questionnaire study among Swedish dog owners, veterinarians and veterinary nurses

et al. 2020

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Background: Periodontal disease remains one of the dog's most common health issues, even though it is largely preventable by tooth brushing. Implementation of daily tooth brushing would not only improve animal welfare, but also reduce veterinary costs for the owner. There is a paucity of studies investigating attitudes, opinions and practices of dog owners, veterinarians, and veterinary nurses regarding preventative dental home care in dogs. The objective of this study was to investigate these parameters in Sweden, thereby providing a basis for improved prophylactic strategies. Methods: Validated questionnaire surveys were distributed to all Swedish dog owners (n = 209,263), veterinarians (n = 3657) and veterinary nurses (n = 1650) with e-mail addresses in the national registry. The response rates were 32% for dog owners and veterinarians, and 38% for veterinary nurses. The survey questions concerned attitudes, opinions and practices regarding dental home care, including whether dog owners received information concerning dental home care or not, and if this information resulted in implementation. Results: Attitudes, opinions and practices regarding dental home care are presented for Swedish dog owners, veterinarians, and veterinary nurses. A fundamental finding was that the absolute majority of Swedish dog owners do not perform adequate prophylactic dental home care. Considerable discrepancies were identified in the opinions of veterinary health practitioners and dog owners regarding attitudes towards dental home care and conveying of information. Several areas for improvement in the communication between dog owners and veterinary health practitioners concerning dental home care were identified. Conclusion: Our results illustrates the need for validated methods to increase dog owner compliance with dental home care recommendations. We also see a need of further education, regarding canine dental home care, among veterinarians, veterinary nurses, and dog owners. The results from this unique study constitute an important foundation for future development of prophylactic strategies, with the ultimate goal to improve dental health, and thereby animal welfare, in dogs.

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“…It has been shown by several studies that the most effective way of removing plaque and thus counteracting periodontal disease is regular tooth brushing. 8,18 The frequency of tooth brushing in the animals should be daily, to constantly avoid the formation of dental plaque and to establish a routine between the owner and the animal. 29 However, less than 10% of the owners agree with these recommendations for the dental care of their dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Diet Type on Oral Health of Dogs

Kocabağlı

Bedik

Ekiz

2019

Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine

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Canine dietary requirements and nutritional habits have changed since dogs were first domesticated. Therefore, periodontal diseases (PD) are the most common problem affecting dogs in all age groups. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between diet type and oral health of dogs examined in veterinary clinic. To reveal the association between nutrition and oral health, two trials were held at the same veterinary practice in Istanbul-Turkey during 2016 and 2018. For the first trial; data coming from 100 patients examined, predetermined questionnaire forms were filled by the owners. For the second trial, 106 dogs that came to the clinic during 2018 were examined by veterinarians for oral health and a form was filled out for each patients. It was determined that most of dogs (Trial 1: 82.0%; Trial 2: 71.7%) were fed dry food and also most of dogs older than 4 years had oral health problems (P<0.05). No statistically significant association was determined between oral health and type of diet, gender, and home dental care in Trial 1. Also, it was observed that oral problems in dogs fed once a day were significantly fewer than those in dogs fed two or more times a day (P<0.05). However, in Trial 2, statistically significant association was determined between PD and age, type of diet, oral health (P<0.05). These results suggest that oral health problems are more likely to be seen in older animals and feeding dogs with dry food decreases the occurrence of PD.

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The Role of Tooth-brushing and Diet in the Maintenance of Periodontal Health in Dogs

Cited by 68 publications

References 10 publications

A review of the frequency and impact of periodontal disease in dogs

A review of the frequency and impact of periodontal disease in dogs

Dental home care in dogs - a questionnaire study among Swedish dog owners, veterinarians and veterinary nurses

Influence of Diet Type on Oral Health of Dogs

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