The role of trait reappraisal in response to emotional ambiguity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Harp, Nicholas R.; Gross, James J.; Uusberg, Andero; Neta, Maital

doi:10.1037/emo0001316

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 57 publications

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“…It has moderated the relationship between stressors and their consequences and has mediated the relationship between other more distal resilience factors and resilience outcomes (Riepenhausen et al, 2022). Reappraisal reduced the intensity and duration of negative emotions by not only replacing initial negative evaluations with positive ones in acute stress, but also reduced the bias for negative evaluation of ambiguous social stimuli caused by the stress or trait-like bias to negativity (e.g., Harp et al, 2023;Raio et al, 2020). That function has determined it as an important sub-facet of positive reappraisal style which performs as a key resilient mechanism (Riepenhausen et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of positive and negative affect: Associations with stress and resilience in health professions students

Mineva

2023

JESP

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The study aimed to establish the relationship between affect regulation strategies, perceived stress, and resilience in health professions students. A total of 181 undergraduates participated in the survey. The instruments used were Brief Resilience Scale, Responses to Positive Affect Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale. The analyses indicated that reappraisal performed as a positive predictor of resilience, whereas rumination and dampening - as negative predictors with dampening effect being the strongest. Dampening, rumination, and self-blame predicted perceived stress positively and reappraisal predicted it negatively. Perceived stress fully mediated rumination-resilience relationship. The study show that regulation of negative affect via rumination, self-blame, reappraisal, and down-regulation of positive affect via dampening, but not its up-regulation, were associated with students' perceived stress and resilience. Tendencies to reappraise negatives experiences boosts resilience, but self-blaming, ruminating and suppressing positive ones make students vulnerable to negative appraisals and experience of stress with the latter presenting as the strongest risk factor for their adaptability. Implications of implementing emotion regulation skills in psycho-education to enhance students' resilience are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of positive and negative affect: Associations with stress and resilience in health professions students

Mineva

2023

JESP

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In the face of ambiguity: intrinsic brain organization in development predicts one’s bias toward positivity or negativity

Harp,

Nielsen,

Schultz

et al. 2024

Cerebral Cortex

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Exacerbated negativity bias, including in responses to ambiguity, represents a common phenotype of internalizing disorders. Individuals differ in their propensity toward positive or negative appraisals of ambiguity. This variability constitutes one’s valence bias, a stable construct linked to mental health. Evidence suggests an initial negativity in response to ambiguity that updates via regulatory processes to support a more positive bias. Previous work implicates the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, and regions of the cingulo-opercular system, in this regulatory process. Nonetheless, the neurodevelopmental origins of valence bias remain unclear. The current study tests whether intrinsic brain organization predicts valence bias among 119 children and adolescents (6 to 17 years). Using whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity, a machine-learning model predicted valence bias (r = 0.20, P = 0.03), as did a model restricted to amygdala and cingulo-opercular system features (r = 0.19, P = 0.04). Disrupting connectivity revealed additional intra-system (e.g. fronto-parietal) and inter-system (e.g. amygdala to cingulo-opercular) connectivity important for prediction. The results highlight top–down control systems and bottom–up perceptual processes that influence valence bias in development. Thus, intrinsic brain organization informs the neurodevelopmental origins of valence bias, and directs future work aimed at explicating related internalizing symptomology.

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Resting-state functional network segregation of the default mode network predicts valence bias across the lifespan

Pierce,

Wig,

Harp

et al. 2024

Imaging Neuroscience

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The brain is organized into intrinsically connected functional networks that can be reliably identified during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Healthy aging is marked by decreased network segregation, which is linked to worse cognitive functioning, but aging-related changes in emotion are less well characterized. Valence bias, which represents the tendency to interpret emotionally ambiguous information as positive or negative, is more positive in older than younger adults and is associated with differences in task-based fMRI activation in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and a cingulo-opercular (CO) network. Here, we examined valence bias, age, and resting-state network segregation of 12 brain networks in a sample of 221 healthy individuals from 6 to 80 years old. Resting-state network segregation decreased linearly with increasing age, extending prior reports of de-differentiation across the lifespan. Critically, a more positive valence bias was related to lower segregation of the default mode network (DMN), due to stronger functional connectivity of the DMN with CO and, to a lesser extent, the ventral attention network (VAN) in all participants. In contrast to this overall segregation effect, in participants over 39 years old (who tend to show a positive valence bias), bias was also related to weaker connectivity between the DMN and Reward networks. The present findings indicate that specific interactions between the DMN, a task control network (CO), an emotion processing network (Reward), and, to a weaker extent, an attention network (VAN), support a more positive valence bias, perhaps through regulatory control of self-referential processing and reduced emotional reactivity in aging. The current work offers further insight into the functional brain network alterations that may contribute to affective well-being and dysfunction across the lifespan.

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The role of trait reappraisal in response to emotional ambiguity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Regulation of positive and negative affect: Associations with stress and resilience in health professions students

Regulation of positive and negative affect: Associations with stress and resilience in health professions students

In the face of ambiguity: intrinsic brain organization in development predicts one’s bias toward positivity or negativity

Resting-state functional network segregation of the default mode network predicts valence bias across the lifespan

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