The Role of Transcranial Doppler Sonography in the Management of Pediatric Hydrocephalus

Abstract

IV 5. Etiology of hydrocephalus 5.1 Congenital hydrocephalus 5.2 Acquired postnatal hydrocephalus 6. Pathophysiology of hydrocephalus 6.1 Pathophysiological mechanisms of onset and development of hydrocephalus 6.2 Pathologic changes in hydrocephalus 6.3 Vascular changes in hydrocephalus 6.4 Biochemical changes in hydrocephalus 6.5 Changes of cerebral metabolism in hydrocephalus 7. Clinical manifestations of pediatric hydrocephalus 8. Basic properties of ultrasound 9. Biological effects of ultrasound 9.1 Thermal effects 9.2 Cavitation 9.3 Other mechanic effects 10. Doppler sonography 10.1 The role of Doppler principle in ultrasonography 10.2 The Doppler systems with continuous wave (CW) 10.3 The pulsatility Doppler systems (the pulsed waves, PW) 10.4 The color flow Doppler tomography (CFD, real-time two-dimensional Doppler) 10.5 The technique of the color Doppler power mapping (color Doppler energy, CDE; color power angio, CPA; Doppler power mode; power mapping) 11. The transcranial color-coded Doppler ultrasonography 11.1 The transcranial color-coded Doppler ultrasonographic examination 12. The Doppler curve, measured and calculated parameters 12.1 The Doppler curve 12.2 Measured and assessed parameters of the Doppler curve 12.3 Development of Doppler parameters of cerebral circulation: physiological values 12.3.1 Neonates 12.3.2 Infancy V 12.4 The factors influencing the value of qualitative indices of the Doppler curve 12.4.1 The factors increasing the resistance index of cerebral arteries 12.4.2 Factors decreasing the resistance index of cerebral arteries 13. Morphology of the cerebral ventricles in pediatric hydrocephalus 14. Assessment of Doppler parameters of the cerebral arteries in children with hydrocephalus 15. Case reports 15.1 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the preterm neonate with hydrocephalus before and after insertion of external ventricular drainage 15.2 Observation of intraindividual dynamics in the preterm neonate with asphyxia and development of progressive hydrocephalus regarding indication of drainage procedure 15.3 Impact of tachycardia on Doppler parameters of blood flow in ACA in the infant with active hydrocephalus 15.4 Assessment of intracranial dynamics of the infant with schizencephaly 15.5 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the term neonate with congenital hydrocephalus, Arnold-Chiari malformation type II and lumbosacral myelomeningocele 15.6 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the preterm neonate with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus 15.7 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the neonate with occipital encephalocele and congenital hydrocephalus 15.8 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the term neonate with birth trauma, intracerebral hemorrhage and hemocephalus 15.9 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the neonate with congenital hydrocephalus and VP shunt revision 15.10 Assessment of intracranial dynamics of congenital hydrocephalus in prenatal and postnatal period