The role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in understanding attention-related networks in single subjects

Yeager, Brooke E.; Dougher, C.C.; Cook, Robert H.; Medaglia, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.crneur.2021.100017

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Rs-FC network function, in addition to theoretically being better able to capture the complex impairments of ADHD, may be especially therapeutically relevant. Targeted with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), for instance, to a specific location in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for ADHD (52), modulates the entire network, i.e., all other regions with which it is functionally and structurally connected (53). Therefore, the present findings of long-term stimulant-related executive network rs-FC change, specifically with striatal regions, may bolster novel neural therapeutic targets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Striatal Functional Connectivity Networks Across Two Years Due to Stimulant Exposure in Childhood ADHD: Results from the ABCD Sample

Kaminski,

Xie,

Hawkins

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Widely prescribed as the first choice of treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), stimulants (methylphenidate and amphetamines) have been studied for their long-term effects on the brain in prospective designs that carefully control dosage and adherence. It is unknown whether those findings generalize to real-world conditions such as community-based treatment, which is marked by intermittent exposure and polypharmacy. To fill this gap, we capitalized on the observational design of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study to examine effects of stimulant exposure on modulation of large-scale bilateral cortical networks’ resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) with 6 striatal regions (left and right caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens) across two years in children with ADHD. Out of 11,878 children, 179 met criteria for an ADHD diagnosis at baseline and high-quality imaging data at baseline and the two-year timepoint. Bayesian hierarchical logistic regressions revealed that change in rs-FC over the two-year period of multiple striatal-cortical networks associated with executive functions and a visuo-motor network predicted stimulant exposure. These networks did not overlap with those that predicted non-stimulant exposure. Of these networks, change selective to stimulant exposure was limited to rs-FC with the putamen, specifically frontoparietal and visual networks, implicating motor control. 23% of stimulant-exposed children did not meet criterion for ADHD at the two-year timepoint, and they were distinguished by change in rs-FC between left putamen and frontoparietal network. Thus, while stimulant exposure for a two-year period under real-world conditions modulated striatal-cortical functional networks broadly, therapeutic effects of that exposure were limited in scale, to network connections relevant to motor control in a small subset of children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Striatal Functional Connectivity Networks Across Two Years Due to Stimulant Exposure in Childhood ADHD: Results from the ABCD Sample

Kaminski,

Xie,

Hawkins

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The disruption of network interactions caused by orthodontic procedures may lead to changes in attention, cognitive processes, and emotion regulation. For example, the DAN is involved in attentional control and directing focus, so alterations in its connectivity may affect an individual's ability to concentrate or maintain attention (Yeager et al, 2021 ). The DMN, on the other hand, is associated with self‐reflection, introspection, and mind‐wandering (Zhou & Lei, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review on effects of experimental orthodontic tooth displacement on brain activation assessed by fMRI

Sadvandi,

Kianfar,

Becker

et al. 2024

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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BackgroundOrthodontic treatment is often accompanied by discomfort and pain in patients, which are believed to be a result of orthodontic tooth displacement caused by the mechanical forces exerted by the orthodontic appliances on the periodontal tissues. These lead to change blood oxygen level dependent response in related brain regions.ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to assess the impact of experimental orthodontic tooth displacement on alterations in central nervous system activation assessed by tasked based and resting state fMRI.Materials and MethodsA literature search was conducted using online databases, following PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework. Selected studies utilized magnetic resonance imaging to examine the brain activity changes in healthy participants after the insertion of orthodontic appliances.ResultsThe initial database screening resulted in 791 studies. Of these, 234 were duplicates and 547 were deemed irrelevant considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the ten remaining potential relevant studies, two were excluded during full‐text screening. Eight prospective articles were eligible for further analysis. The included studies provided evidence of the intricate interplay between orthodontic treatment, pain perception, and brain function. All of the participants in the included studies employed orthodontic separators in short‐term experiments to induce tooth displacement during the early stage of orthodontic treatment. Alterations in brain activation were observed in brain regions, functional connectivity and brain networks, predominantly affecting regions implicated in nociception (thalamus, insula), emotion (insula, frontal areas), and cognition (frontal areas, cerebellum, default mode network).ConclusionsThe results suggest that orthodontic treatment influences beyond the pain matrix and affects other brain regions including the limbic system. Furthermore, understanding the orthodontically induced brain activation can aid in development of targeted pain management strategies that do not adversely affect orthodontic tooth movement. Due to the moderate to serious risk of bias and the heterogeneity among the included studies, further clinical trials on this subject are recommended.

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“…Investigative tool: TMS serves as a valuable tool for probing brain–behavior relationships. By temporarily disrupting or enhancing brain regions, researchers can infer the roles of these regions in various cognitive processes [ 17 ]. In summary, the basic theory of TMS involves inducing electric fields in the brain’s neural tissue by applying rapidly changing magnetic fields [ 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Basic Theory Of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical interventions: Attention-related disorders such as ADHD involve dysfunctions in attention networks. TMS might offer a novel therapeutic avenue by directly targeting and modulating these networks [ 17 , 58 ]. Combining TMS with neuroimaging: Integrating TMS with functional neuroimaging techniques like fMRI allows researchers to monitor real-time changes in brain activity during TMS sessions [ 20 , 63 ].…”

Section: Basic Theory Of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, TMS provides a noninvasive means of modulating brain activity [ 15 , 16 ]. TMS can temporarily enhance or disrupt neural functioning by applying magnetic fields to specific brain regions, offering a unique opportunity to investigate causal relationships between brain areas and attentional functions [ 17 ]. This technique enables researchers to explore how specific brain regions contribute to attention control, enhancing our understanding of attention-related disorders and potential therapeutic interventions [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Attention Optimization Research: A Review from Basic Theory to Findings in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression

Yen,

Valentine,

Chiang

2024

Life

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This review explores the pivotal role of attention in everyday life, emphasizing the significance of studying attention-related brain functions. We delve into the development of methodologies for investigating attention and highlight the crucial role of brain neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in advancing attention research. Attention optimization theory is introduced to elucidate the neural basis of attention, identifying key brain regions and neural circuits involved in attention processes. The theory further explores neuroplasticity, shedding light on how the brain dynamically adapts and changes to optimize attention. A comprehensive overview of TMS is provided, elucidating the principles and applications of this technique in affecting brain activity through magnetic field stimulation. The application of TMS in attention research is discussed, outlining how it can be employed to regulate attention networks. The clinical applications of TMS are explored in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression. TMS emerges as an effective clinical treatment for ADHD, showcasing its potential in addressing attention-related disorders. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the efficacy of TMS technology as a method for regulating depression, further underlining the versatility and therapeutic potential of TMS in clinical settings. In conclusion, this review underscores the interdisciplinary approach to attention research, integrating neuroimaging, neuroplasticity, and TMS. The presented findings contribute to our understanding of attention mechanisms and highlight the promising clinical applications of TMS in addressing attention-related disorders. This synthesis of theoretical and practical insights aims to propel further advancements in attention research and its therapeutic applications.

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The role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in understanding attention-related networks in single subjects

Cited by 7 publications

References 160 publications

Change in Striatal Functional Connectivity Networks Across Two Years Due to Stimulant Exposure in Childhood ADHD: Results from the ABCD Sample

Change in Striatal Functional Connectivity Networks Across Two Years Due to Stimulant Exposure in Childhood ADHD: Results from the ABCD Sample

Systematic review on effects of experimental orthodontic tooth displacement on brain activation assessed by fMRI

The Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Attention Optimization Research: A Review from Basic Theory to Findings in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression

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