The role of tree architecture in super high density olive orchards

Rosati, A.; Paoletti, Andrea; Caporali, Silvia; Perri, Enzo

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2013.06.044

Cited by 70 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, this is probably not the only mechanism explaining the lower vigor of cultivars suitable for super high-density olive orchards, such as 'Arbequina' and 'Arbosana'. It has been shown that these cultivars also have higher branching, which reduces canopy volume at equal production of new shoots (Rosati et al, 2013) as found in other species (Forshey et al, 1992;Lauri, 2007;Lespinasse and Delort, 1986). Therefore, the low vigor of the cultivars suited to super high-density orchards may result from a combination of early and abundant bearing and higher branching (as well as shorter internodes that also mean more potential fruiting sites).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…It has also been shown that these cultivars exhibit greater branching associated with smaller diameters of trunk, branches, and shoots, resulting in higher yield efficiency and a greater number of fruiting shoots in the small canopy volume allowed in super high-density systems (Rosati et al, 2013). Therefore, the lower tree size results, at least in part, from the different branching characteristics, which concentrate more shoots in a small canopy volume, without necessarily implying lower shoot growth.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Growth Is Inversely Correlated with Yield Efficiency across Cultivars in Young Olive (Olea europaea L.) Trees

Rosati¹,

Paoletti²,

Pannelli³

et al. 2017

horts

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Additional index words. modeling, yield efficiency, partitioning, harvest indexAbstract. The modern olive industry is increasingly interested in olive cultivars that start producing early and remain relatively small, because they are suitable for super highdensity orchards. Some cultivars are better suited to this than others but it is not clear why. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to early production and reduced canopy size is therefore important. The object of this study was to investigate whether differences in vigor across olive cultivars are related to earliness and abundance of bearing. We analyzed tree growth and productivity in young coetaneous trees of 12 olive cultivars, grown together in the same orchard. Trunk diameter increased over the observation period, reaching significantly different values across cultivars. Canopy volume also increased, reaching 2-fold differences between the minimum and the maximum values. Cumulative yield increased, reaching up to 3-fold differences. When the cumulative yield at the end of the experiment was plotted against the final trunk diameter, no correlation was found. A significant correlation was found when cumulative yield was plotted against the increment in trunk diameter during the observation period for which yield data were collected. This relationship improved (i.e., R 2 rose from 0.57 to 0.83) when yield efficiency [i.e., cumulative yield per unit of final trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) or per unit of canopy volume] was used instead of yield. These results clearly showed that trees that produced proportionally more (i.e., higher yield efficiencies) grew less. We conclude that, in young olive trees, vigor is inversely related to early bearing efficiency, which differs significantly across cultivars. The results support the hypothesis that early and abundant bearing is a major factor in explaining differences in vigor across olive cultivars.The olive industry requires canopy reduction to allow super high-density orchards which permit earlier production and continuous mechanical harvesting (Rallo et al., 2007;Tous et al., 1999). This has stimulated much research into reduced vigor or even dwarf cultivars

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Is Inversely Correlated with Yield Efficiency across Cultivars in Young Olive (Olea europaea L.) Trees

Rosati¹,

Paoletti²,

Pannelli³

et al. 2017

horts

Self Cite

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“…Architectural studies can be used to assess the relationship between productivity and tree growth Normand et al, 2009;Dambreville et al, 2013;Rosati et al, 2013;Connor et al, 2014).…”

Section: Dwarfing Scions To Reduce Tree Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Can the productivity of mango orchards be increased by using high-density plantings?

Menzel¹,

Lagadec²

2017

Scientia Horticulturae

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a b s t r a c tMango (Mangifera indica) trees are traditionally established at about 100-200 trees per ha and eventually grow into large specimens 10 m tall or more, making spraying and harvesting difficult. It also takes a long time to recover the initial costs of establishing and maintaining the orchard. There has been considerable interest in planting orchards up to 4000 trees per ha to take advantage of early production and to increase economic returns. However, trees planted at high density soon begin to crowd and shade each other and production falls. We reviewed the performance of high-density orchards in different growing areas, and the role of dwarfing cultivars and rootstocks, tree canopy management and the growth regulator, paclobutrazol to control tree growth. There has been no general agreement on the optimum planting density for commercial orchards which vary from 200-4000 trees per ha in different experiments. Some potential dwarfing material has been developed in India and elsewhere, but these cultivars and rootstocks have not been widely integrated into high-density orchards. Canopy management needs to take into account the effect of pruning on the regrowth of the shoots and branches, light distribution through the canopy and the loss of the leaves that support the developing crop. Pruning must also take into account the effect of vegetative growth on flower initiation. Annual light pruning usually provides better fruit production than more severe pruning conducted less regularly. There have only been a few cases where it has been demonstrated that paclobutrazol can counteract the negative effect of pruning on flowering and fruit production. There are also concerns with residues of this chemical in export markets and contamination of ground waters. The future development of high-density plantings in this crop is dependent on the use of dwarfing cultivars and/or rootstocks and better canopy management strategies. Dwarfing cultivars and rootstocks should provide small-to medium-sized trees with medium to large yields. This can readily be identified in experiments by examining the relationship between yield and tree growth. Research on canopy management should assess the impact of pruning on flowering, light distribution within the canopy and the leaf area supporting the developing crop. The productivity of mango is not likely to be increased by the use of high-density plantings without extensive efforts in plant breeding and canopy management.Crown

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“…However, canopy size and shape is adjusted according to high densities by pruning that aims to attain the maximum leaf to wood ratio (Rosati et al, 2013) under least shading (Haouane et al, 2011). These methods are used for the plantations of Spanish varieties like Arbequina and Arbosana in intensive hedgerow orchards owe to their good agronomic potential (Rosati et al, 2013).…”

Section: ! 79mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods are used for the plantations of Spanish varieties like Arbequina and Arbosana in intensive hedgerow orchards owe to their good agronomic potential (Rosati et al, 2013). As these varieties posses low to m e d i u m v i g o r, t h e r e f o r e t h e r e w i l l b e considerable yield loss at early stage due to high competition for light and nutrients if sufficient pruning practices are not implemented (Connor et al, 2009;Petersen and Krost, 2013).…”

Section: ! 79mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomics and Biochemical Profiling: Current Dynamics in Elucidating the Potential Attributes of Olive

Shah

Hamooh

Daur

et al. 2017

Current Issues in Molecular Biology

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Various transcriptome studies have remained useful in unraveling the complexity of molecular pathways regulating the oil biochemical contents and fruit characteristics of agronomic value in olive. Genes networks associated with plant architect and abiotic stress tolerance have been constructed due to robust genomic data generated by the tools of genomics. This, familiarity will accelerate the breeding programmes in making the selection of high yielding olive genotypes promptly and efficiently. Moreover, comparative transcriptome studies for endogeneous enzymes at different expression sites explicate the contribution of various pathways in phenol and lipid oxidation in olive. Recently, non-targeted metabolomics and metabolic profiling techniques have not only made the understanding of metabolic changes easy but also elucidate biomarkers in fruits related to agronomic parameters and abiotic stresses. However, the alteration in the architectural build up of phenotypes authenticates the conservation of their potential genetic links that will invoke interest for future olive breeding. IntroductionOlea europea is the most important tree of Mediterranean basin which consists 95% of globally cultivated olive trees (Loumou and

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The role of tree architecture in super high density olive orchards

Cited by 70 publications

References 16 publications

Growth Is Inversely Correlated with Yield Efficiency across Cultivars in Young Olive (Olea europaea L.) Trees

Growth Is Inversely Correlated with Yield Efficiency across Cultivars in Young Olive (Olea europaea L.) Trees

Can the productivity of mango orchards be increased by using high-density plantings?

Transcriptomics and Biochemical Profiling: Current Dynamics in Elucidating the Potential Attributes of Olive

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