The Role of TTIP on the Environment

Pascalau, Razvan; Qirjo, Dhimitri

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2989780

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A second robustness check follows Frankel and Rose () to instrument trade with a set of exogenous variables including exchange rate, capital to labor ratio, price of export, price of imports, land per capita, and four dummies for whether a country uses euro, or has sea access, or uses English as its official language, or was a poor country at the start of the sample, respectively. For more details, see tables 10 and 11 of Pascalau and Qirjo () that report similar results to those in the “base” specifications.…”

Section: Robustness Checkssupporting

confidence: 53%

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The Role of TTIP on the Environment

Qirjo

Pascalau

2019

Southern Economic Journal

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The current study empirically investigates and shows that, on average, the possible implementation of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) would generally help in the fight against global warming. In particular, the study finds that a 1% increase in the bilateral trade between the United States and the typical EU member would reduce annual per capita emissions of CO2 and GHGs in the typical TTIP member by about 2.7% and 2.4%, respectively. However, results also show that TTIP may increase annual per capita emissions of GHGs in the United States by about 2.5% per year. These results stand because the factor endowment hypothesis and the pollution haven hypothesis based on population density variations appear to dominate the pollution haven hypothesis based on national income differences.

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Section: Robustness Checkssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Overall, the results are surprisingly similar to those presented above. For more details see tables 7 and 8 of Pascalau and Qirjo ().…”

Section: Robustness Checksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of TTIP on the Environment

Qirjo

Pascalau

2019

Southern Economic Journal

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“…Qirjo et al (2019) where they analyze the impacts of GHGs in general in the presence of CETA. It is also consistent with Pascalau and Qirjo (2017a) or Qirjo and Pascalau (2019b), where they empirically analyze the impacts of TTIP on per capita emissions of GHGs and CO 2 , respectively. The current study finds positive but mainly statistically insignificant evidence of a positive relationship between the trade variable and the F-Gasses (see Table 7).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

The Role of CETA on Carbon Dioxide, F-Gasses, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide

2020

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This study empirically investigates how the presence of CETA (Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement) may affect per capita emissions of four air pollutants. It follows closely the empirical work of (Qirjo et al., 2019), but it focuses in each category of GHGs. It finds statistically significant evidence suggesting that trade openness between the EU and Canada could help reduce per capita emissions of CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O in a typical CETA member, respectively. In the case of CO 2 , the presence of CETA may help reduce per capita emissions in almost all CETA members. However, there is empirical evidence that suggests that per capita emissions of CH 4 could move from the EU towards Canada due to the implementation of CETA. There is also empirical evidence implying that there could be a shift of emissions per capita of N 2 O from Canada towards 8 former EU members due to the implementation of CETA. There is mainly statistically insignificant evidence of a positive relationship between trade intensity of each EU member and Canada and per capita emissions of HFCs/PFCs/SF 6. Furthermore, the study reports unambiguous empirical evidence in support of Pollution Haven Hypothesis originating from national population density variations (PHH2) for Canada, in the case of CH 4. Moreover, there is also clear evidence consistent to the Pollution Haven Hypothesis due to national income differences (PHH1) for 8 former Communist EU members, in the cases of N 2 O and HFCs/PFCs/SF 6 .

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“…Similarly, in Tables 22 through 30, we provide another robustness check for our pollutants using an instrumental approach based on the gravity model, similar to Frankel and Rose (2005). For more details on each of these two instrumental variable approaches, see Pascalau and Qirjo (2017a). The results of Tables 13-21…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They include the scale and technique effects (denoted by    and     , respectively, in order to evaluate the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). In addition, they include the product of income per capita and the capital to labor ratio, denoted by    , to capture the direct composition of growth, and the capital to 8) See also Pascalau and Qirjo (2017a) for details on filling out the missing observations using the Amelia 2 program in R.…”

Section: Econometric Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, and Environmental Consequences

Qirjo

Pascalau

Christopherson

2021

Journal of Economic Integration

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We empirically investigate the effect of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership on the per capita emissions of eight air pollutants and municipal waste. By introducing the same explanatory variables and applying the same empirical strategy and methodologies as in Qirjo and Pascalau (2019), we provide robust evidence suggesting that the implementation of the partnership could be beneficial to the environment because it may reduce per capita emissions of CH4, hydrofluorocarbons/ perfluorinated chemicals/ SF6, N2O, NH3, and SF6 for a typical partnership member. This result is based on statistically significant evidence showing that, on average, the pollution haven motive based on national per capita income variations is dominated by the factor endowment argument based on the Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory and the pollution haven motive originating from an inverse measurement of national population density differences. However, we also report statistically significant evidence that the implementation of the partnership could denigrate the environment by increasing per capita emissions of SO2 and municipal waste.

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The Role of TTIP on the Environment

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

The Role of TTIP on the Environment

The Role of TTIP on the Environment

The Role of CETA on Carbon Dioxide, F-Gasses, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide

Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, and Environmental Consequences

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