The role of tumor size, ultrasonographic findings, and serum tumor markers in predicting the likelihood of malignant testicular histology

Gang, Song Woon; Xiong, Gengyan; Fan, Yu; Huang, Cong; Kang, Yongming; Ji, Guangjie; Chen, Jin-Chao; Xin, Zhongcheng; Zhou, Liqun

doi:10.4103/aja.aja_119_18

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Putatively, ethnic and geographic differences of the various populations studied can also explain the variation of marker elevation rates among the reported studies. Accordingly, in a recent cohort of Chinese GCT patients, prevalence rates of elevated bHCG levels and AFP-levels were reported to be as high as 70% and 48%, respectively [48]. Yet, these data show that the over-all frequency of tumour marker elevation is less than 50% regarding all GCT patients at least in those of Caucasian descent and even the elevation rate of any of the markers is encountered in less than 60%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Tumour Markers in Testicular Germ Cell Tumours: Frequencies of Elevated Levels and Extents of Marker Elevation Are Significantly Associated with Clinical Parameters and with Response to Treatment

Dieckmann

Simonsen-Richter

Kulejewski

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Introduction. Although serum tumor markers beta human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are well-established tools for the management of testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs), there are only few data from contemporary cohorts of primary GCT patients regarding these biomarkers. Our aim was to evaluate marker elevations in testicular GCTs and to document their associations with various clinical characteristics.Patients and Methods. A total of 422 consecutive patients with GCTs were retrospectively analysed regarding serum levels of bHCG, AFP, and LDH during the course of treatment. Additionally, the following characteristics were recorded: histology, age, laterality, clinical stage (CS), pT-stage, and tumour size. Marker elevations were first tabulated in dichotomized way (elevated: yes/no) in various subgroups and second as continuous measured serum values. Descriptive statistical methods were employed to look for differences among subgroups and for associations of elevations with clinical parameters.Results. In all GCT patients, the frequencies of elevated levels of bHCG, AFP, LDH, and bHCG or AFP were 37.9%, 25.6%, 32.9%, and 47.6%; in pure seminomas 28%, 2.8%, 29.1%, and 30.3%; and in nonseminoma 53.0%, 60.1%, 38.7%, and 73.8%. Significant associations were noted with pT-stages >pT1, clinical stages >CS1, tumour size, and younger age. Frequencies of marker elevations dropped significantly after treatment, but LDH levels remained elevated in 30.5%-34.1%. Relapsing patients (n=27) had elevated levels of bHCG, AFP, and LDH in 25.9%, 22.2%, and 29.6%, respectively, thirteen of whom with a changed marker pattern.Conclusions. The classical GCT-biomarkers correlate with treatment success. Clinical utility is limited due to proportions of < 50% of patients with elevated levels and the low specificity of LDH. The elevation rates are significantly associated with histology, clinical and pT-stages, tumour size, and younger age. Individual marker patterns may change upon relapse. Clinically, ideal biomarkers are yet to be found.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Tumour Markers in Testicular Germ Cell Tumours: Frequencies of Elevated Levels and Extents of Marker Elevation Are Significantly Associated with Clinical Parameters and with Response to Treatment

Dieckmann

Simonsen-Richter

Kulejewski

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…Colour Doppler by its qualitative nature is difficult to quantify. While some authors 11 have included arbitrary colour flow scores, colour Doppler does not usually play a role in urological workup at present apart from the binary observation of the presence or absence of vascularity 3 . Contrast‐enhanced US, 29 sonoelastography 16,30 and 3D 31 are showing some promise for the future, but these techniques are better suited for research purposes and are not readily available in clinical use to the majority of practitioners in Australasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound morphological patterns of testicular tumours, correlation with histopathology

Nečas

Muthupalaniappaan

Barnard

2020

J of Medical Radiation Sci

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Introduction Ultrasound (US) plays a key role in the detection of testicular tumours. However, reliable characterisation of testicular tumours with US is difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological patterns of testicular tumours as seen on modern US imaging and correlate these with histology. Methods The imaging features of 50 testicular tumours were analysed and compared with histology. The US appearance was categorized into 15 distinct morphological patterns. Results Patient’s age ranged from 0.5 to 85 years. Of the 50 tumours in our series, 49 were malignant. Nearly half of the malignancies were seminomatous germ cell tumours (SGCTs). Tumours ranged in size from 10 to 130 mm with considerable overlap of size between tumours of different histological type. Even small (10 mm) tumours in our cohort were malignant. SGCTs demonstrated a narrower range of morphological appearances than non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCTs). Calcification was common in both SGCT and NSGCTs. Multicomponent cystic‐solid appearance was only seen in NSGCTs. Conclusion The differentiation of testicular tumours with US continues to be challenging. In this paper, we have demonstrated the diverse morphological patterns of testicular neoplasms and have proposed the study of tumour morphological features as a promising research direction.

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“…There is a certain degree of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis for metastatic melanoma in vivo . Combining with a serum tumor marker can better improve the diagnostic efficiency[27,28]. Logistic single- and multiple-factor analyses showed that TNM stage, miR-489, and miR-21 were independent risk factors for melanoma metastasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and predictive value of miR-489 and miR-21 in melanoma metastasis

Guan

Yuan

et al. 2019

WJCC

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BACKGROUNDMelanoma is a highly malignant skin tumour, and is one of the most rapidly growing malignant tumors in recent years. According to statistics, the morbidity of cancer increases with age, accounting for 1.6% of new cancer cases and 0.6% of deaths worldwide. Melanoma has a serious impact on society and families, thus it is of great significance to find biological markers related to the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.AIMTo explore the expression and predictive value of mir-489 and mir-21 in melanoma metastasis.METHODSA total of 60 patients with malignant melanoma treated at our hospital from June 2017 to December 2018 were selected as a research group, while 40 healthy subjects were selected as a control group. qRT-PCR technique was used to detect miR-489 and miR-21 in serum of the two groups. ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value and diagnostic efficiency. Spearman test was used for correlation analysis. Logistic single- and multiple-factor analyses were performed to identify the risk factors related to melanoma metastasis.RESULTSThe expression of miR-489 in the research group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.001). However, the expression of miR-21 in the research group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). The expression of miR-489 and miR-21 was related to TNM stage and metastasis (P < 0.001). In the diagnosis of melanoma patients, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of miR-489 alone were 75.56%, 80.00%, and 0.852, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of miR-21 alone were 77.78%, 82.22%, and 0.844, respectively. MiR-489 was negatively correlated with TNM stage of melanoma (r = -0.612, P < 0.001), while miR-21 was positively correlated with TNM stage (r = 0.609, P < 0.001). Logistic single- and multiple-factor regression analyses showed that TNM stage, miR-489, and mir-21 were independent risk factors for malignant melanoma metastasis.CONCLUSIONMiR-489 and miR-21 may participate in the process of melanoma occurrence, development, and metastasis, and can be used as potential serum biomarkers for melanoma metastasis diagnosis and disease assessment.

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The role of tumor size, ultrasonographic findings, and serum tumor markers in predicting the likelihood of malignant testicular histology

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Serum Tumour Markers in Testicular Germ Cell Tumours: Frequencies of Elevated Levels and Extents of Marker Elevation Are Significantly Associated with Clinical Parameters and with Response to Treatment

Serum Tumour Markers in Testicular Germ Cell Tumours: Frequencies of Elevated Levels and Extents of Marker Elevation Are Significantly Associated with Clinical Parameters and with Response to Treatment

Ultrasound morphological patterns of testicular tumours, correlation with histopathology

Expression and predictive value of miR-489 and miR-21 in melanoma metastasis

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