The Role of Type of Offense and Work Qualifications on Perceived Employability of Former Offenders

Cerda, Jessica A.; Stenstrom, Douglas M.; Curtis, Mathew

doi:10.1007/s12103-014-9244-8

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition to mental health service use, other needs must be addressed to avoid repeated criminal justice involvement. Safe housing, substance abuse support for those with dual diagnoses, job support, and education can support successful reentry . As availability of these services varies between contexts, the apparent association between mental health service use and criminal justice outcomes may also vary.…”

Section: Discussion and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Safe housing, substance abuse support for those with dual diagnoses, job support, and education can support successful reentry. 14,[34][35][36][37][38][39] As availability of these services varies between contexts, the apparent association between mental health service use and criminal justice outcomes may also vary. 43,44 Whether the high rates of technical violations reported here occur disproportionately for offenders with mental illness or are characteristic of the overall community supervision population cannot be determined from our data.…”

Section: Discussion and Limitati On Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do timely mental health services reduce re‐incarceration among prison releasees with severe mental illness?

Domino

Gertner

Grabert

et al. 2019

Health Services Research

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Objective To examine whether the receipt of timely mental health services is associated with changes in criminal justice interactions. Data Sources We used linked administrative data from Medicaid, mental health, and criminal justice settings in Washington State for persons with severe mental illness released from prison (n = 3086). Study Design We estimate local and average treatment effects to examine measures of criminal justice use in the year following release as a function of timely mental health services. Data Extraction Methods Measures of timely service and criminal justice use within 12 months postrelease were created from administrative data. Principal Findings Individuals receiving timely mental health services are more likely to experience prison re‐incarceration overall and specifically for technical violations 12 months postrelease. The effect of service receipt on incarceration for new charges was negative but not significant. Conclusions The finding that mental health services receipt is associated with increased risk of re‐incarceration due to technical violations speaks to the complexity of the relationship between mental health and criminal justice services for justice‐involved persons with severe mental illness. Further research should examine strategies at the interface of criminal justice and mental health that can improve mental health and criminal justice outcomes for this vulnerable population.

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Section: Discussion and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion and Limitati On Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Do timely mental health services reduce re‐incarceration among prison releasees with severe mental illness?

Domino

Gertner

Grabert

et al. 2019

Health Services Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More broadly, we are only aware of one previous study in which a comparison was made of public perceptions of recidivism risk by crime type . Cerda, Stenstrom, and Curtis () examined the issue by using data from a nonprobability sample of 121 Internet users recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk™ (MTurk™). They found that MTurk users believed job applicants who had committed “non‐violent, non‐serious, and non‐sex offenses” were less dangerous than those who had committed “violent offenses.” However, their measures confounded severity and crime type.…”

Section: Study 1: Language and The Social Construction Of Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers typically make assumptions about public perceptions of individuals with criminal records based on social outcomes (such as criminal justice interventions or existing forms of discrimination) without measuring public attitudes (for an exception, see Hirschfield and Piquero, ). In an early critique of labeling theory, Tittle (: 401–2) pointed out that researchers “have simply assumed that the imposition of any sanction or any official act of negative classification constitutes labeling … without any consideration being given to whether such negative classifications actually resulted in general attribution of deviant characters.” More recently, researchers have begun to investigate the nature and correlates of stigmatizing attitudes toward persons convicted of crimes (Hirschfield and Piquero, ) and willingness to avoid or exclude such persons (Cerda, Stenstrom, and Curtis, ). Nevertheless, the amount of relevant empirical literature remains thin.…”

Section: Study 2: the Mark Of Violence And Contextualization Of Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most employers are laypersons placed, temporarily or otherwise, in a particular decision‐making context. Thus, although these studies are not nationally representative and typically have not compared across job types, the implication from extant evidence is that employers specifically, and laypersons more broadly (Cerda, Stenstrom, and Curtis, ), may have different perceptions and responses to violent versus nonviolent criminal records.…”

Section: Study 2: the Mark Of Violence And Contextualization Of Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Language of Stigmatization and the Mark of Violence: Experimental Evidence on the Social Construction and Use of Criminal Record Stigma

2017

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After years of stagnation, labeling theory has recently gained new empirical support. Simultaneously, new policy initiatives have attempted to restructure criminal record stigma to reduce reintegration barriers, and subsequent recidivism, driven by labeling. For example, in a recent Department of Justice (DOJ) language policy, person-first terms (e.g., "person with a conviction") were substituted for crime-first terms (e.g., "offender"). The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has also issued guidelines to structure how decision-makers use criminal records. Unfortunately, little is currently known about the social construction and use of criminal record stigma or the potential effects of such policy changes. In the current study, we provide two unique empirical tests. In study 1, we examine the social construction of stigma by testing DOJ's language policy with experimental data from a nationally representative sample of American adults (N = 996). In study 2, we use a separate nationwide experiment (N = 1,540) to examine how the contextualization of criminal records influences social exclusion decisions. Across both studies, we find consistent evidence of a "mark of violence." The public perceives that individuals with violent convictions are the most likely to commit future crimes, and it is more supportive of excluding these individuals from employment. Crime-first terms exacerbate perceived recidivism risk for individuals with violent convictions.

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Employer Perspectives on Hiring Youth Previously Involved with Juvenile Justice: A National Survey

Unruh,

Reardon,

Strycker

2023

Educ. Treat. Child.

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Employment is a defining aspect of adult life as well as a protective factor for youth involved in the juvenile justice system, but employment rates for juvenile-justice-involved youth are substantially lower than for their noninvolved peers. Interventions have been developed to increase employment for juvenile-justice-involved youth, yet few studies have examined employer perspectives about hiring them. The purpose of this replication study was to document employer perceptions of hiring youth in the juvenile justice system; whether youth should disclose prior involvement in the system; and the skills and qualifications that employers value in their workers. Findings indicate that, relative to the results of prior studies, employers’ perceptions appear to have improved such that they are more likely to hire youth who have been involved with the juvenile justice system. This research provides insights into how educators, behavior analysts, and other rehabilitation and support personnel can help these youth obtain employment, and suggests future research directions to further reduce hiring stigma.

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The Role of Type of Offense and Work Qualifications on Perceived Employability of Former Offenders

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Do timely mental health services reduce re‐incarceration among prison releasees with severe mental illness?

Do timely mental health services reduce re‐incarceration among prison releasees with severe mental illness?

The Language of Stigmatization and the Mark of Violence: Experimental Evidence on the Social Construction and Use of Criminal Record Stigma

Employer Perspectives on Hiring Youth Previously Involved with Juvenile Justice: A National Survey

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