The Role of Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Abdominal Fat

Bazzocchi, Alberto; Filonzi, Giacomo; Ponti, Federico; Amadori, Michele; Sassi, Claudia; Salizzoni, Eugenio; Albisinni, Ugo; Battista, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.acra.2013.07.009

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Nevertheless, such methods are generally infeasible for use in large-scale epidemiological studies due to logistical, financial and ethical issues [4]. Ultrasonography has been demonstrated to be a valid, non-invasive, inexpensive, safe and widely available technique for estimating the size of abdominal fat depots [5–9]. A few previous studies evaluating intra- and subcutaneous abdominal fat by ultrasound have reported variation in these quantities according to gender, age group and ethnicity; however, those studies are generally restricted to small samples and specific age groups [5–7,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic ancestry and education level independently influence abdominal fat distributions in a Brazilian admixed population

et al. 2017

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We aimed to identify the independent associations of genomic ancestry and education level with abdominal fat distributions in the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort study, Brazil. In 2,890 participants (1,409 men and 1,481 women), genomic ancestry was assessed using genotype data on 370,539 genome-wide variants to quantify ancestral proportions in each individual. Years of completed education was used to indicate socio-economic position. Visceral fat depth and subcutaneous abdominal fat thickness were measured by ultrasound at age 29–31y; these measures were adjusted for BMI to indicate abdominal fat distributions. Linear regression models were performed, separately by sex. Admixture was observed between European (median proportion 85.3), African (6.6), and Native American (6.3) ancestries, with a strong inverse correlation between the African and European ancestry scores (ρ = -0.93; p<0.001). Independent of education level, African ancestry was inversely associated with both visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat distributions in men (both P = 0.001), and inversely associated with subcutaneous abdominal fat distribution in women (p = 0.009). Independent of genomic ancestry, higher education level was associated with lower visceral fat, but higher subcutaneous fat, in both men and women (all p<0.001). Our findings, from an admixed population, indicate that both genomic ancestry and education level were independently associated with abdominal fat distribution in adults. African ancestry appeared to lower abdominal fat distributions, particularly in men.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic ancestry and education level independently influence abdominal fat distributions in a Brazilian admixed population

et al. 2017

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“…It is easy to understand how the absence of a straight standardized protocol leads to a decrease in accuracy and reliability of US measurements of BC, mainly for visceral adiposity. In a recent study was demonstrated that reproducibility and repeatability, especially for visceral fat, were proved more stable in fasting state and expiration (37).…”

Section: Ultrasound (Us)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and Imaging Assessment of Body Composition: From Fat to Facts

et al. 2020

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The aging process is characterized by the chronic inflammatory status called "inflammaging", which shares major molecular and cellular features with the metabolism-induced inflammation called "metaflammation." Metaflammation is mainly driven by overnutrition and nutrient excess, but other contributing factors are metabolic modifications related to the specific body composition (BC) changes occurring with age. The aging process is indeed characterized by an increase in body total fat mass and a concomitant decrease in lean mass and bone density, that are independent from general and physiological fluctuations in weight and body mass index (BMI). Body adiposity is also re-distributed with age, resulting in a general increase in trunk fat (mainly abdominal fat) and a reduction in appendicular fat (mainly subcutaneous fat). Moreover, the accumulation of fat infiltration in organs such as liver and muscles also increases in elderly, while subcutaneous fat mass tends to decrease. These specific variations in BC are considered risk factors for the major age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, sarcopenia and osteoporosis, and can predispose to disabilities. Thus, the maintenance of a balance rate of fat, muscle and bone is crucial to preserve metabolic homeostasis and a health status, positively contributing to a successful aging. For this reason, a detailed assessment of BC in elderly is critical and could be an additional preventive personalized strategy for age-related diseases. Despite BMI and other clinical measures, such as waist circumference measurement, waist-hip ratio, underwater weighing and bioelectrical impedance, are widely used as a surrogate measure for body adiposity, they barely reflect the distribution of body fat. Because of the great advantages offered by imaging tools in research and clinics, the attention of clinicians is now moving to powerful imaging techniques such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasound to obtain a more accurate estimation of BC. The aim of this review is to present the state of the art of the imaging techniques that are currently available to measure BC and that can be applied to the study of BC changes in the elderly, outlining advantages and disadvantages of each technique.

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“…However, there was significant heterogeneity in the literature, ranging from 3.5 to 12.5 MHz, mostly linear. Authors used probes with frequencies of 5 MHz 7.5 MHz or 12 to 12.5 MHz One author used a frequency of 3.5 MHz . Others used probes with multifrequency probes, ranging from 4 to 7 MHz, 5 to 8 MHz, 5 to 12 MHz and 12 to 15 MHz .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bazzocchi et al 15 studied the impact of a technological gap between ultrasound machines but found no significant difference. In the recent literature, the most common ultrasound machine makes used for abdominal SAT thickness measurement are the Technos MPX (Esaote S.p.A., Genova, Italy), 2,7,15,16 GE Logiq, 4,17-23 GE Voluson 730 Expert, 24,25 Aloka 500 SSD (Tokyo), 6,[26][27][28] and the Acuson Sequoia 512 (Siemens, Mountain Woods, California). 11,23,29 Transducer Frequency Because SAT is a very superficial layer, most studies were performed with high-frequency probes.…”

Section: Ultrasound Machine Make/modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonography Technique in Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Measurement: A Systematic Review

Azzi

Lafrenière

Gilardino

et al. 2018

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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There are currently several reported techniques of sonographic subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measurement described in the literature. This systematic review aims to report techniques of SAT measurement using ultrasonography. A systematic literature search was performed and identified 39 relevant articles using ultrasonography to quantify abdominal SAT. The following parameters were collected: type of measurement, ultrasound machine make/model, transducer frequency, external/internal landmarks, pressure applied on probe, special techniques and inter-/intraobserver reliability. Literature findings related to the above parameters were summarized. A summary of the most common techniques and parameters is provided, serving as a reference for a necessary standardized approach.

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The Role of Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Abdominal Fat

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

Genomic ancestry and education level independently influence abdominal fat distributions in a Brazilian admixed population

Genomic ancestry and education level independently influence abdominal fat distributions in a Brazilian admixed population

Aging and Imaging Assessment of Body Composition: From Fat to Facts

Ultrasonography Technique in Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Measurement: A Systematic Review

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