The Role of Underlining and Annotating in Remembering Textual Information

Nist, Sherrie L.; Hogrebe, Mark C.

doi:10.1080/19388078709557922

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The results thus far show general agreement with the von Restorff effect [21]. That is, readers "tend to focus on and learn what is marked, whether the information is important or not" [12].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…One area studies the potential benefits of the encoding process during the act of underlining. While the existence of this benefit is less than clear, some argue that the benefits of student-generated underlining is due to levels of processing theory, in that information which is processed at deeper levels through elaboration is ultimately remembered better [12].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, while there are contradictory evidences regarding the effectiveness of performing underlining and highlighting during study, research by Nist and Hogrebe in 1987 and Peterson in 1992 seems to agree that the von Restorff effect could be used to explain students' performance [12,15]. Students appear to focus on and learn what is marked, whether the information is important or not.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another area of study focuses on the so-called von Restorff effect [21], which states that "when an item is isolated against a homogenous background, increased recall of that item occurs" [12]. Indeed, while there are contradictory evidences regarding the effectiveness of performing underlining and highlighting during study, research by Nist and Hogrebe in 1987 and Peterson in 1992 seems to agree that the von Restorff effect could be used to explain students' performance [12,15].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent eye-tracking results in visual foraging in information visualizations of hierarchical data show that strong information scent appears to improve visual search, but a high density of targets degrades visual search when there is weak information scent [16]. In the field of educational psychology and instruction, there has been some interesting research in understanding the role of underlining and highlighting [12,15,20]. These studies try to understand the role of underlining or highlighting as an effective encoding and reviewing process during learning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual Foraging of Highlighted Text: An Eye-Tracking Study

Gumbrecht

Hong

2007

Human-Computer Interaction. HCI Intelligent Multimodal Interaction Environments

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The wide availability of digital reading material online is causing a major shift in everyday reading activities. Readers are increasingly skimming instead of reading in depth. Highlights are increasingly used in digital interfaces to direct attention toward relevant passages within texts. In this paper, we study the eye-tracking behavior of subjects using both keyword highlighting and a new highlighting technique called ScentHighlights, introduced recently [7]. In this first eye-tracking study of highlighting interfaces, we show that there is direct evidence of the von Restorff isolation effect [21] in the eye-tracking data, in that subjects performed better when a fact is isolated (highlighted) against a homogeneous background. Users with the ScentHighlights condition paid more attention to highlighted areas and are more accurate than with other interfaces. In addition to confirming the von Restorff effect, we found that there is great variation in subject differences in reading strategies among subjects, even in the presence of strong cues such as highlights. Some readers scan for highly profitable regions first, while others read sequentially despite the presence of strong highlight cues. The results point to future design possibilities in highlighting interfaces.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Visual Foraging of Highlighted Text: An Eye-Tracking Study

Gumbrecht

Hong

2007

Human-Computer Interaction. HCI Intelligent Multimodal Interaction Environments

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Cognitive effort during note taking

Piolat

Olive

Kellogg

2004

Applied Cognitive Psychology

389

262

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Note taking is a complex activity that requires comprehension and selection of information and written production processes. Here we review the functions, abbreviation procedures, strategies, and working memory constraints of note taking with the aim of improving theoretical and practical understanding of the activity. The time urgency of selecting key points and recording them while comprehending new information at the same time places significant demands on the central executive and other components of working memory. Dual-and triple-task procedures allow the measurement of the momentary cognitive effort or executive attention allocated to note taking. Comparative data show that note taking demands more effort than reading or learning. However, it requires less effort than the creative written composition of an original text.

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Text-signaling devices and their effects on reading and memory processes

1989

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onSignals are writing devices that emphasize aspects of a text's content or structure without adding to the content of the the text. Findings are reviewed for studies of several different types of signaling devices, including: titles, headings, previews, overviews, summaries, typographical cues, recall sentences, number signals, importance indicators, and summary indicators. Most investigations have examined how the presence of signals in a text affects subsequent memory for the text. Virtually all types of signals produce better memory for information they cue in a text, whereas memory for unsignaled information often is unaffected. Less attention has been directed to signaling effects on other cognitive processes, such as attention, basic reading processes, and comprehension. It is argued that an understanding of how signals influence these processes will contribute to the application of signaling research to reading and writing instruction and to our general understanding of reading.

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The Role of Underlining and Annotating in Remembering Textual Information

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

Visual Foraging of Highlighted Text: An Eye-Tracking Study

Visual Foraging of Highlighted Text: An Eye-Tracking Study

Cognitive effort during note taking

Text-signaling devices and their effects on reading and memory processes

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