The Role of Urinary Kidney Stone Inhibitors and Promoters in the Pathogenesis of Calcium Containing Renal Stones

Basavaraj, Doddametikurke Ramegowda; Biyani, Chandra Shekhar; Browning, Anthony J.; Cartledge, Jon

doi:10.1016/j.eeus.2007.03.002

Cited by 202 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Nucleation basically marks a thermodynamically driven event of phase change wherein dissolved substances in a supersaturated solution spontaneously crystallize. [13][14] Similar phase change and formation of CaOx crystals was witnessed while carrying out nucleation assay. Significant inhibition in the nucleation of CaOx crystals was observed in the presence of DCRE which was even better than in the presence of Cystone.…”

Section: Microscopy Of Caox Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiurolithiatic Activity of Daucus carota: An In vitro Study

Bawari¹,

Sah²,

Tewari³

2018

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Context:Urolithiasis is a polygenic disorder with complex etiology and even complicated treatment outcomes. Daucus carota is a widely cultivated crop with traditional claims for its antiurolithiatic potential. Aim: Present study was an attempt to investigate the antilithic potential of D. carota root extract (DCRE) against calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis by employing in vitro methods. Methods: Nucleation, growth and aggregation assay of CaOx crystallization were used. FT-IR analysis was used for characterizing CaOx crystals. Results: DCRE exhibited significant inhibition of nucleation, growth and aggregation of CaOx crystals. It produced a favorable morphological transformation of CaOx crystals from calcium oxalate monohydrate to calcium oxalate dihydrate. FT-IR analysis confirmed formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals to be utilized for growth and aggregation assays. Conclusion: DCRE possesses significant antiurolithiatic activity against CaOx urolithiasis in vitro which could be attributed to its saponins, tannins, flavonoids and polyphenolic content.

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Section: Microscopy Of Caox Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiurolithiatic Activity of Daucus carota: An In vitro Study

Bawari¹,

Sah²,

Tewari³

2018

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“…Several critical chemical compounds, such as, citrate, pyrophosphate, magnesium, osteopontin and bikunin are employed to prevent crystal nucleation, crystal growth, and/or crystal aggregation in the human body [1]. Malfunctions in these regulatory mechanisms can lead to abnormal fluctuations in the chemical environment, thereby promoting excessive crystallization and atypical deposition in various areas of the body [1,2].…”

Section: Crystal Deposition Diseases and Goutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kidney stones are the product of uncontrolled growth and nucleation of calcium containing crystals. High concentrations of urate may lead to the formation of needle-like MSUM crystals, which precipitate into the joint cavities producing gouty arthritis [1,2].…”

Section: Crystal Deposition Diseases and Goutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization: An Alternative Approach to Potential Treatment of Crystal Deposition Diseases

Thompson¹,

Kukoyi²,

Lansiquot³

et al. 2017

Clin Arch Bone Joint Dis

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Gout is a painful and prevalent crystal deposition disease caused by the overproduction of Uric Acid (UA) in the body and the atypical deposition in human synovial joints as Monosodium Urate Monohydrate (MSUM). Conventional treatments, such as NSAIDs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and systemic glucocorticoids often present harmful side-effects and are short-lived. Long-term therapies including xanthine oxidase inhibitors and the use of uricosuric agents have been developed and aim to lower the UA serum levels in the body. As regards to post-crystals deposition, our research laboratory recently proposed and demonstrated the use of the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization (MAMAD) technique for the breakdown of organic and biological crystals on planar surfaces. The MAMAD technique is based on the combined use of microwave heating and Au NPs in solution. The interactions of the Au NPs with microwave's electromagnetic field result in an increase in the kinetic energy of Au NPs, and subsequently, an increase in the collisions with target crystals placed on planar surfaces leading to rapid crystal breakdown. In this regard, our laboratory aims to develop the MAMAD technique as an alternative treatment for crystal deposition diseases, particularly gout, with minimal invasion and side-effects as compared to current treatments. In this review article, we will summarize our previous findings and provide additional data detailing the effectiveness of the MAMAD technique as a rapid and efficient method for the breakdown of gout related crystals and L-alanine crystals (a model crystal).

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“…Various inorganic and organic promoters of CaOx crystal aggregation were reported like oxalate, uric acid, calcium and phosphate, while inhibitors comprise of the urinary macromolecules like Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), Osteopontin, Prothrombin fragment 1, and other urinary macromolecules in addition to citrate and magnesium. 1 Though hyperoxaluria and CaOx crystal aggregation are major processes in stone formation, crystal adhesion to the damage epithelium is an important step in urolithiasis, which actually drives the disease to an advanced stage. 2 Oxidative stress caused by CaOx crystals and high oxalate load, leads to interstitial inflammation that can be marked by increased expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines like, NF-κB, p38-MAPK, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%