The Role of Ventral Frontostriatal Circuitry in Reward-Based Learning in Humans

Galván, Adriana; Hare, Todd A.; Davidson, Matthew; Spicer, Julie; Glover, Gary H.; Casey, B. J.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2431-05.2005

Cited by 191 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Importantly, among adolescents the regions that are activated during exposure to social stimuli overlap considerably with regions also shown to be sensitive to variations in reward magnitude, such as the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal areas (cf. Galvan et al, 2005;Knutson et al, 2000;May et al, 2004). Indeed, a recent study of adolescents engaged in a task in which peer acceptance and rejection were experimentally manipulated (Nelson et al, 2007) revealed greater activation when subjects were exposed to peer acceptance, relative to rejection, within brain regions implicated in reward salience (i.e., the ventral tegmental area, extended amygdala, and ventral pallidum).…”

Section: Remodeling Of the Dopaminergic System At Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking

Steinberg¹

2008

Developmental Review

2,834

2,098

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This article proposes a framework for theory and research on risk-taking that is informed by developmental neuroscience. Two fundamental questions motivate this review. First, why does risktaking increase between childhood and adolescence? Second, why does risk-taking decline between adolescence and adulthood? Risk-taking increases between childhood and adolescence as a result of changes around the time of puberty in the brain's socio-emotional system leading to increased rewardseeking, especially in the presence of peers, fueled mainly by a dramatic remodeling of the brain's dopaminergic system. Risk-taking declines between adolescence and adulthood because of changes in the brain's cognitive control system -changes which improve individuals' capacity for selfregulation. These changes occur across adolescence and young adulthood and are seen in structural and functional changes within the prefrontal cortex and its connections to other brain regions. The differing timetables of these changes make mid-adolescence a time of heightened vulnerability to risky and reckless behavior.

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Section: Remodeling Of the Dopaminergic System At Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking

Steinberg¹

2008

Developmental Review

2,834

2,098

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“…The vSTR, which includes the nucleus accumbens, is sensitive to both reward magnitude (Galvan et al, 2005) and probability (Pagnoni et al, 2002) and has been shown to be active in response to drug cues (David et al, 2005;Kilts et al, 2001). At the same time, another event-related study observed decreased cue reactivity in the nucleus accumbens of smokers (Due et al, 2002).…”

Section: Cravingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Nicotine Dependence, Withdrawal Symptoms, and Sex Predict Transient fMRI-BOLD Responses to Smoking Cues

McClernon

Kozink

Rose

2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

191

146

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Exposure to smoking cues increases craving for cigarettes and can precipitate relapse. Whereas brain imaging studies have identified a distinct network of brain regions subserving the processing of smoking cues, little is known about the influence of individual difference factors and withdrawal symptoms on brain cue reactivity. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate relations between individual difference factors and withdrawal symptoms and event-related blood oxygen level-dependent responses to visual smoking cues in a sample of 30 smokers. Predictors were self-report nicotine dependence (Fagerströ m test of nicotine dependence, FTND), prescan withdrawal symptoms (craving and negative affect), and sex. The unique variance of each predictor was examined after controlling for each of the others. Positive associations were observed between FTND and reactivity to cues in right anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) whereas negative associations were observed between prescan craving and reactivity in ventral striatum. Higher negative affect or being male was associated with greater reactivity in left hippocampus and left OFC. Women exhibited greater cue reactivity than men in regions including the cuneus and left superior temporal gyrus. Individual difference factors and withdrawal symptoms were uniquely associated with brain reactivity to smoking cues in regions subserving reward, affect, attention, motivation, and memory. These findings provide further evidence that reactivity to conditioned drug cues is multiply determined and suggest that smoking cessation treatments designed to reduce cue reactivity focus on each of these variables.

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“…Again, the daMCC is but one component of reward circuits that include the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and OFC (Galvan et al, 2005;Haber and Brucker, 2009;Schultz et al, 2000;Ullsperger and von Cramon, 2003); just as it is a component of CFP cognitive-attention networks. Given this, daMCC dysfunction could directly and/or indirectly lead to all of the cardinal signs of ADHD (inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity), and could explain the observation that ADHD subjects can perform well when motivated on some tasks, but may perform poorly when the task is not interesting.…”

Section: Cfp Attention Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

Bush

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

298

251

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Research attempting to elucidate the neuropathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not only shed light on the disorder itself, it has simultaneously provided new insights into the mechanisms of normal cognition and attention. This review will highlight and integrate this bidirectional flow of information. Following a brief overview of ADHD clinical phenomenology, ADHD studies will be placed into a wider historical perspective by providing illustrative examples of how major models of attention have influenced the development of neurocircuitry models of ADHD. The review will then identify major components of neural systems potentially relevant to ADHD, including attention networks, reward/feedbackbased processing systems, as well as a 'default mode' resting state network. Further, it will suggest ways in which these systems may interact and be influenced by neuromodulatory factors. Recent ADHD imaging data will be selectively provided to both illustrate the field's current level of knowledge and to show how such data can inform our understanding of normal brain functions. The review will conclude by suggesting possible avenues for future research.

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The Role of Ventral Frontostriatal Circuitry in Reward-Based Learning in Humans

Cited by 191 publications

References 53 publications

A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking

A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking

Individual Differences in Nicotine Dependence, Withdrawal Symptoms, and Sex Predict Transient fMRI-BOLD Responses to Smoking Cues

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

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