The role of veterinary epidemiology and veterinary services in complying with the World Trade Organization SPS agreement

Zepeda, C.; Salman, Mo; Thiermann, A B; Kellar, J A; Rojas, Hernán; Willeberg, Preben

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.11.005

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The main importers within this cluster do not import fresh beef from markets with any status but "FMD-free country without vaccination" and are striving to fulfill the conditions established by the OIE and the SPS Agreement, which together enable the coexistence of two regions with different sanitary standards in the same country (Rich, 2005;Zepeda et al, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chilled boneless beef international trade: a cluster analysis

et al. 2013

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-The objective of this study was to measure and classify the international beef trade. For this, data related to the international chilled boneless beef (CBB) trade, the major and most important market, were analyzed. Producing countries were classified into groups according to their trade relations, and the main factors that influenced one country to prefer to import CBB from a specific exporting country were analyzed. The results revealed four markets related to client demands with regard to the sanitation and traceability of beef products. Furthermore, extrinsic characteristics of the product are discussed, such as a productive system that aims to minimize environmental impacts and to value animal welfare and respect for social demands. The markets that pay highest prices require sanitary quality of suppliers, demanding traceable and process-certified products. Brazil does not access these markets because it does not meet these requirements. To change this scenario it is necessary to eradicate FMD across the Brazilian territory, acquiring a status of a zone with minimal BSE risk, aligning the intrinsic value of the CBB with expectations of consumers and implementing a traceability program that is both feasible and acceptable for clients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chilled boneless beef international trade: a cluster analysis

et al. 2013

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“…Desta forma, esta etapa de avaliação do risco consiste em avaliar a probabilidade de ocorrência e as consequências biológicas e econômicas da entrada, difusão e manutenção do perigo dentro de uma zona ou país (MacDiarmid 1993, MacDiarmid & Pharo 2003, Murray et al 2004, OIE 2006, 2012b. É importante destacar que o artigo 5° do acordo SPS refere-se à avaliação de risco, enquanto a OIE descreve e recomenda a AR, onde a avaliação de risco é um dos componentes do processo (Zepeda et al 2005). …”

Section: ) Avaliação Dos Riscosunclassified

“…Centros colaboradores da OIE realizam cursos de epidemiologia e análise de risco de curta duração a fim de capacitar profissionais do SVO. Além desses, outras instituições no mundo promovem cursos de análise de risco a fim de preparar profissionais nessa área (Zepeda et al 2005), como é o caso do IICAA na América do Sul. No Brasil, assim como em outros países em desenvolvimento, há uma dificuldade na formação de analistas de risco dentro do SVO (Zepeda et al 2005) e, como consequência há carência de pessoal com essa expertise no SVO.…”

Section: Quadro 1 Análises E Avaliações De Risco Publicadas Com Temaunclassified

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A análise de risco como ferramenta estratégica para o serviço veterinário oficial brasileiro: dificuldades e desafios

et al. 2014

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(6):542-554, junho 2014 542 RESUMO.-O serviço veterinário oficial é responsável por proteger a saúde pública e animal, assegurando a oferta de produtos de origem animal inócuos aos consumidores. Uma ferramenta que auxilia na busca desses objetivos é a análise de risco, que iniciou a ser utilizada na segunda metade da década de 90 pelos serviços veterinários oficiais dos países. Para a realização de uma análise de risco, qualitativa ou quantitativa, inicialmente deve-se identificar o perigo, a qual na área da saúde animal geralmente é o agente patogênico causador de uma doença. A etapa subsequente The official veterinary service is responsible for protecting public and animal health, certifying the supply of safe animal products to consumers. A tool that assists in the pursuit of these goals is the risk analysis, which began to be used in the second half of the 1990s for the official veterinary services of countries. To carry out a risk analysis, qualitative or quantitative, one must initially identify the danger, which in the area of animal health is usually the pathogen causing a disease. The subsequent step is risk assessment, which must be analyzed, supported by scientific studies or experts in the field, the possible ways of introduction, exposition and maintenance of the pathogen in the susceptible population, as well biological, economic, political and social consequences. The third step in the analysis of risk refers to risk management, which aims to propose measures to mitigate the risk to the desired level, and assess the cost/benefit of each measure. The last phase of a risk analysis is risk communication. This step is critical for success of the study and should be initiated along with risk analysis itself, always leaving open a permanent communication with all social actors interested in risk analysis. Risk analysis has become an important tool used by managers of the official veterinary services in decision-making, contributing to the choice of alternatives that give scientifically the lowest animal health risk. This study conducted a review of the literature on risk analysis aimed to expose its definition and development process, as well as to see how it is being used and what limitations and challenges of using this tool by the Brazilian national veterinary service.

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“…Dans le cas des maladies dites réglementées, la qualification sanitaire peut être décidée par les pouvoirs publics, en raison des enjeux économiques (fièvre aphteuse) ou de santé publique (tuberculose) liés à ces maladies. Les enjeux du commerce international, découlant d'éventuelles restrictions liées à une qualification, sont cruciaux dans les décisions, les dispositifs visant alors à garantir que des pays ou régions sont indemnes (Zepeda et al, 2005 ;Domenech et al, 2006). Pour des maladies non réglementées et présentes sur les territoires (dites endémiques), des dispositifs de qualification sanitaire peuvent être mis en place volontairement par les acteurs dès lors que l'impact économique d'une maladie justifie, selon eux, une action collective (diarrhée virale bovine, par exemple).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Qualification sanitaire des troupeaux, représentations du risque selon les acteurs et les disciplines

Ducrot¹,

Pécaud

Petit³

et al. 2010

Natures Sciences Sociétés

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Rédigé par une dizaine d'auteurs, cet article associe des chercheurs de différentes disciplines et des praticiens autour de la notion de qualification sanitaire des animaux et des troupeaux à propos des maladies infectieuses non règlementées par les pouvoirs publics. Il débouche sur des considérations en termes de risque qui ne se déclinent pas dans les mêmes termes selon les disciplines, ni selon qu'on est vendeur ou acheteur des animaux ... Cet article est l'un des premiers publié dans la revue qui soit issu des travaux conduits dans le cadre du programme Agriculture et Développement durable (ADD), lancé en 2005 à l'initiative des établissements de recherche, Inra, Cirad et Cemagref, et de l'ANR. La RédactionAuteur correspondant : C. Ducrot, ducrot@clermont.inra.fr Chaque discipline apporte ainsi son point de vue sur la notion de risque sous-jacente à la démarche de qualification. Cette approche interdisciplinaire nécessite une coconstruction de la recherche, qui doit dépasser les différences culturelles et épistémologiques entre disciplines. Elle n'obéit pas à un seul type de rationalité, scientifique ou juridico-administrative ; elle mobilise nécessairement des connaissances savantes et des savoirs empiriques et dépend de nombreuses décisions pouvant engendrer convergences ou contradictions.Keywords: sanitary qualification; farm; interdisciplinarity; coconstruction; risk Sanitary qualification of farm animals and risk representations by the stakeholders and scientific disciplines. The aim of sanitary qualification of farm animals is to implement collective strategies to control the spread of infectious diseases. More specifically, it seeks to establish objectively and accurately the status of an animal or animal population, which will be used for animal exchange and trading, with regard to a given infectious disease. The approach is based upon biological knowledge about the infectious agent including infection process and detection means. In addition, mathematical modelling, statistics and probability tools allow integrating these pieces of knowledge as well as taking into account uncertainty and the variability of biological parameters. Finally, Social and Human sciences, and particularly economics and sociology provide an understanding of stakes, social representations, and points of view of individuals and groups, in order to study the demand and acceptability of sanitary qualification for a given infectious disease. In this approach, each discipline contributes its own standpoint on the underlying question of risk. This interdisciplinary approach requires co-constructing the research topic and stepping beyond epistemological and cultural differences between disciplines. Furthermore, designing a qualification results from a collective social construction. It does not solely obey rationality based on science and regulation needs ; it includes necessarily both scientific and common knowledge and is dependant upon various political decisions that can lead to consensus or contradiction.

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The role of veterinary epidemiology and veterinary services in complying with the World Trade Organization SPS agreement

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

Chilled boneless beef international trade: a cluster analysis

Chilled boneless beef international trade: a cluster analysis

A análise de risco como ferramenta estratégica para o serviço veterinário oficial brasileiro: dificuldades e desafios

Qualification sanitaire des troupeaux, représentations du risque selon les acteurs et les disciplines

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