The role of viruses in the aetiology of IRA in Peruvian children

Abstract

Abstracts e423 test kits). Socio demographic data was obtained using a study questionnaire.Results: Out of 536 admissions, 187 (34.9%) had acute diarrheal disease and 148 stools tested for rotavirus. Of the 148 specimens tested, 111 (75.0%) were positive for rotavirus antigen and 37 (25.0%) were negative. Ninety (81.1%) of the positive cases, were aged 12 months and below. There was no significant difference in the age specific prevalence rates (c2 = 0.50, p = 0.48).The mode of feeding, and other identifiable possible risk factors like socio economic class, maternal education, level of hygiene practiced by the mother, method of excreta disposal, water source, did not appear to have a significant effect on the risk of rotavirus infection.There was a well-defined, period of peak transmission occurring between the third week of January and second week of February 2006.Mortality rate for acute diarrhea over the study period was 7.5%, with 50.

TB infection prevention and control experiences of South African nurses - a phenomenological study

“…IPC can reduce the risk of TB transmission even in settings with limited resources [ 6 ]. A study, published elsewhere, on the potential to transmit TB at our hospital confirmed the high incidence of TB and a substantial risk for transmission [ 7 ]. This situation intensifies the need for a comprehensive hospital-based IPC programme to prevent the transmission of TB.…”

“…The major influences were inadequacies associated with the healthcare system. Routine IPC audits at different departments of our hospital had showed inconsistently applied transmission-based precautions, even where known TB cases were admitted on a routine basis [ 7 ]. Effective TB-IPC practices by nurses were hampered by the lack of clear TB policy directives, the lack of appropriate isolation facilities and availability of PPE, the lack of TB training for staff and patients, and a persistent work overload.…”

“…Work practices and administrative control measures are the first line of defence against TB transmission within facilities caring for people with HIV infection [ 5 ]. A previous study reported that at the hospital 54% (107/199) of TB patients were HIV-positive and one fifth of PTB patients were diagnosed on wards without TB-routine [ 7 ]. HIV infected persons must be protected from exposure to TB as far as possible, with special care needed in healthcare facilities, especially hospitals.…”

“…At the time of the study, approximately 80% of nurses at the hospital spoke Afrikaans as first language, and three quarters were of coloured ethnicity, followed by an equal proportion of African and white nurses. A previous study at the hospital found that about half of the patients with PTB were of African origin, the other mainly coloured [ 7 ]. In the catchment area of this hospital, the African population predominantly spoke Xhosa as first language.…”

Tuberculosis among health care workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a retrospective cohort analysis

“…However, findings from this study also indicated that HCWs who worked in other areas of the hospital including non-clinical areas, such as the stores department, also had a greater incidence of TB. This suggests that TB transmission may be occurring throughout hospitals due to patients suspected of TB placed in general medical wards or patients unsuspected of TB being hospitalized for extended periods of time [ 23 , 24 ]. These findings indicate a need to urgently investigate infection control measures and practices throughout hospitals including non-clinical areas and ensure all hospital staff members receive infection control training.…”