The Role of Visitor’s Positive Emotions on Satisfaction and Loyalty with the Perception of Perceived Restorative Environment of Healing Garden

Abstract

Background and objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of visitors'positive emotions on satisfaction and loyalty with the perception of restorative environment of a healing garden created in an urban agriculture expo. Methods: The psychological indicators to the images of the healing garden were analyzed by the visitors' demographic variables and the three factors of plant cultivation activity level: plant cultivation experience, plant preference, and plant-related event. Results: Between age groups and occupational groups, significant differences were found statistically. The Perceived Restorativeness Scale(PRS) showed significantly differences between age groups in repose, fascination and legibility. The Positive Affect & Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS) showed statistically significant differences between age groups in positive emotions. In addition, we investigated the correlation between the PANAS and the three factors of plant cultivation experience level, the four factors of the PRS, satisfaction and loyalty. The three factors of plant cultivation experience level, the four factors of the PRS, satisfaction and loyalty showed a positive correlation with positive emotions and were inversely correlated with negative emotions significantly. Multiple regression analysis with dummy variables was conducted to examine the effects of plant cultivation activity level, attention restoration, and the PANAS on healing garden visitors' satisfaction and loyalty. As a result, among the four factors of the PRS, fascination and positive affectivity were significant variables that affect healing garden visitors' satisfaction and loyalty. Conclusion: The results indicated that the higher the attention restoration of visitors due to the fascination of the healing garden and the higher their positive affectivity and the more they have plant-related memories, the higher their impact on healing garden visitors' satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, fascinating natural environments or greenery landscapes like healing gardens where people can contact plants would reduce negative emotions such as anger and sadness but to increase positive emotions such as pleasure, joy and satisfaction.

Factors Affecting the Visitation and Non-Visitation to the Courtyard Gardens: Evaluation at three Malaysian public hospitals

“…This study revealed that the natural environment has a more substantial restorative effect than the concrete environment without vegetation (Huang et al, 2020). Additionally, a recent study suggested that fascinating greenery environments such as healing gardens contribute to positive emotions such as joy and pleasure among the visitors and impact their level of satisfaction and encourage them to revisit the garden (Jang et al, 2020). A recent study discovered that family members of ICU patients preferred to take a break in the garden because it reduced their stress more than taking a break in the atrium café or indoor waiting area (Ulrich et al, 2020).…”

Elucidating and Expanding the Restorative Theory Framework to Comprehend Influential Factors Supporting Ageing-in-Place: A Scoping Review

“…Recalling images and emotions that belong to carefree and cheerful moments from life could potentially affect feelings of connectedness (extent) and the restoration process for older adults [ 22 ]; however, more research is needed to confirm these assumptions. Furthermore, the literature names the feature fascination as an extra important feature for older adults [ 22 , 65 , 73 ] ( Table 3 ). Jang and colleagues [ 73 ] found in their quantitative study that older adults of 60+ years focused on feature fascination (e.g., exploring the surroundings) when judging restorative environments, while younger people focused more on legality and coherence (e.g., structure and orientation), which are part of the feature extent.…”

“…Furthermore, the literature names the feature fascination as an extra important feature for older adults [ 22 , 65 , 73 ] ( Table 3 ). Jang and colleagues [ 73 ] found in their quantitative study that older adults of 60+ years focused on feature fascination (e.g., exploring the surroundings) when judging restorative environments, while younger people focused more on legality and coherence (e.g., structure and orientation), which are part of the feature extent. Others like Liao and colleagues [ 57 ] found significant evidence that elements like shade, biodiversity, colourful flowers and vegetation density can enhance fascination in an environment for older populations [ 17 , 57 , 61 ].…”

“…Additionally, factors like socioeconomic status, living situation or cultural differences could also be interesting for future research. Only three studies in the review touched on these topics, and while no significant results have emerged thus far, there are indications that these factors could potentially impact the restoration process [ 67 , 73 ]. Therefore, it is imperative to delve deeper into these individual differences and their effects on the restoration process.…”

“…A connection is made between nature and coping with ageing challenges. Jang, Jeong, Kim, et al (2020) [ 73 ] Korea Empirical study Quantitative ART In situ study Questionnaire Korean PRS PANAS Plant cultivation activity levels Satisfaction Loyalty N = 65 Aged 60+ (Compared within larger group N = 285) Male/female was equally divided. Educated.…”