The Role of Vitamin D in the Utilization of Phytin Phosphorus

Spitzer, Robert R.; Maruyama, George; Michaud, Langis; Phillips, Paul H.

doi:10.1093/jn/35.2.185

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It has also been demonstrated that dietary vitamin D 3 increases the level of phytase activity in both chicks and rats (Steenbock et al, 1953, for chicks and rats, Pileggi et al, 1955, and Roberts et al, 1961, especially when rachitogenic rations were fed. On the other hand, Spitzer et al (1948) reported that vitamin D had no effect on intestinal phytase in rats receiving slightly less than optimum phosphorus.The present paper contains observations on the properties of intestinal phytase in vitro which were employed in devising a quantitative assay procedure. The effects of dietary calcium, inorganic and phytate phosphorus and vitamin D 3 ori phytase and alkaline phosphatase of chick intestinal mucosa are presented.…”

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Intestinal Phytase and Alkaline Phosphatase of Chicks: Influence of Dietary Calcium, Inorganic and Phytate Phosphorus and Vitamin D3

1970

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A S indicated in reviews by Taylor • (1965) and Nelson (1967) data are incomplete and often conflicting in regard to the influence of dietary factors on the extent to which chicks are able to utilize phytin phosphorus. Maddaiah et al. (1964) were unable to relate supplementation with dicalcium phosphate, or calcium or sodium phytates to intestinal phytase activity in the chick or the rat. Balance studies have shown (Pileggi et al., 19SS) that in the rat high dietary Ca lowered phytate hydrolysis; vitamin D 3 reversed this effect but the inorganic phosphorus liberated by the treatment was inadequate to prevent rickets. It has also been demonstrated that dietary vitamin D 3 increases the level of phytase activity in both chicks and rats (Steenbock et al., 1953, for chicks and rats, Pileggi et al., 1955, and Roberts et al., 1961, especially when rachitogenic rations were fed. On the other hand, Spitzer et al. (1948) reported that vitamin D had no effect on intestinal phytase in rats receiving slightly less than optimum phosphorus.The present paper contains observations on the properties of intestinal phytase in vitro which were employed in devising a quantitative assay procedure. The effects of dietary calcium, inorganic and phytate phosphorus and vitamin D 3 ori phytase and alkaline phosphatase of chick intestinal mucosa are presented. Data which suggest

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Intestinal Phytase and Alkaline Phosphatase of Chicks: Influence of Dietary Calcium, Inorganic and Phytate Phosphorus and Vitamin D3

1970

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“…The reason for this species difference is by no means clear, but undoubtedly derives from the digestive or absorptive peculiarities of birds. Apparently it is not related to the presence of the enzyme phytase in the feed or digestive tract, McGinnis (1944), Spitzer et al (1948). CONCLUSIONS 1.…”

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“…Singsen and Mitchell (1944) suggested that phytin phosphorus is efficiently utilized by chicks when the ration contains a sufficient amount of the phytin splitting enzyme, phytase. This theory appears to be untenable, however, in view of the results of McGinnis (1944) and Spitzer, et al (1945and Spitzer, et al ( ,1948 who have shown that phytin utilization is not affected by the presence or absence of phytase in the diet, and that this enzyme is naturally present in the digestive tract of animals. Singsen, Matterson, and Scott (1947) have reported that in the case of turkey poults the phytin phosphorus in cereals is not efficiently utilized although vitamin D increases utilization.…”

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The Effect of Phytin on the Phosphorus Requirement of the Chick

1949

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“…Dehydrated alfalfa meals were better sources than alfalfa silages. Spitzer, Marayama, Michaud & Phillips (281) found that the effect of vitamin D in increasing the utilization of phytic phosphorus could not be attributed to any effect on the activity of phytase. In experiments with rats Norman & Mittler (282) have shown that the female sex hormone is antirachitic while the male sex hormone is rachitogenic.…”

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Section A. Physiology of dairy cattle: Part II. Physiology and biochemistry of rumination

Owen

1951

Journal of Dairy Research

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Studies of rumination have now reached the interesting stage where an attempt at synthesis of empirical data may profitably be made without too much reliance on unsupported hypotheses. The modern researches stimulated by the approach of the recent World War, and actively continued since in many countries, have been a vindication of the inspired guess known as the hypothesis of Zuntz(l), who suggested that the abundant bacterial flora of the rumen were beneficent symbionts rather than mere commensals. This beneficent symbiosis is probably due to the age-long adaptation of ruminants to a diet rich in cellulose, of which a cow may digest more than 60% of its large intake (2). Ruminal bacteria perform many functions of value to their host. They bring about the digestion of cellulose, a process for which the host animal has no appropriate enzymes. They enable the host to cover a not inconsiderable proportion of its amino-acid requirements by means of such simple nitrogen compounds as ammonium salts, glycine or urea(3). Finally, they render the host independent of exogenous supplies of many of the water-soluble and at least one of the fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin K(3)). These are all major advantages which have probably ensured the survival of the ruminant during the geologically recent vicissitudes of the earth's climate. There are also certain minor biochemical advantages in the possession of a rumen with its abundant microflora. Thus phytin, which is abundant in all seeds and which in non-ruminants is rachitogenic, is hydrolysed completely into non-toxic products in the rumen (4). Defatted soyabean (so-called soyabean oilmeal) unless heat-treated to deactivate the antitrypsins which it contains is toxic to the rat (5). The ruminant, however, tolerates it well. Rumination has, of course, its disadvantages too. Thus a ruminant is not as efficient a digester of its preferred diet as is, say, a carnivore, of its preferred diet. With bacterial aid it can digest cellulose which the carnivore can hardly digest at all, but even with bacterial aid its digestion is comparatively slow, and a large fraction of the cellulose normally passes through the alimentary tract undigested. The ruminant's great merit from the economic viewpoint of the animal husbandman is that it digests a diet so rich in cellulose as to be useless to other domestic animals (2,6,7). It will tolerate far more crude fibre (cellulose) in its diet than will chickens, pigs or even rabbits(2). In comparison with the pig or the dog, the ruminant has a large appetite which is a necessary consequence of its large intake of food of low digestibility. To facilitate bacterial digestion the ruminant has a large 'fill'(8), that is to say, the ratio of the weight of food and food residues in the animal at any time to the weight of the animal's living tissues is large. This is due to the delay of the food, during its passage through the animal, in the rumen, the caecum and the colon, in all of which chambers bacterial fermentations are active. Thus the ruminant carries ...

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The Role of Vitamin D in the Utilization of Phytin Phosphorus

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Intestinal Phytase and Alkaline Phosphatase of Chicks: Influence of Dietary Calcium, Inorganic and Phytate Phosphorus and Vitamin D3

Intestinal Phytase and Alkaline Phosphatase of Chicks: Influence of Dietary Calcium, Inorganic and Phytate Phosphorus and Vitamin D3

The Effect of Phytin on the Phosphorus Requirement of the Chick

Section A. Physiology of dairy cattle: Part II. Physiology and biochemistry of rumination

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