The role of water in plant–microbe interactions

Aung, Kyaw; Jiang, Yaling; He, Sheng Yang

doi:10.1111/tpj.13795

Cited by 157 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Generally, the interplay between host, pathogen and environment is famously known as the ‘disease triangle’ (Stevens, ). Among environmental factors, periods of high atmospheric humidity have repeatedly been shown to promote disease outbreaks in plants, suggesting that the availability of water is crucial for pathogenesis (Xin et al ., ; Aung et al ., ). A variety of pathogenic Pseudomonas strains create an aqueous habitat in the leaf apoplast during the early infection period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multiple downy mildew effectors target the stress‐related NAC transcription factor LsNAC069 in lettuce

et al. 2019

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Summary To cause disease in lettuce, the biotrophic oomycete Bremia lactucae secretes potential RxLR effector proteins. Here we report the discovery of an effector‐target hub consisting of four B. lactucae effectors and one lettuce protein target by a yeast‐two‐hybrid (Y2H) screening. Interaction of the lettuce tail‐anchored NAC transcription factor, LsNAC069, with B. lactucae effectors does not require the N‐terminal NAC domain but depends on the C‐terminal region including the transmembrane domain. Furthermore, in Y2H experiments, B. lactucae effectors interact with Arabidopsis and potato tail‐anchored NACs, suggesting that they are conserved effector targets. Transient expression of RxLR effector proteins BLR05 and BLR09 and their target LsNAC069 in planta revealed a predominant localization to the endoplasmic reticulum. Phytophthora capsici culture filtrate and polyethylene glycol treatment induced relocalization to the nucleus of a stabilized LsNAC069 protein, lacking the NAC‐domain (LsNAC069ΔNAC). Relocalization was significantly reduced in the presence of the Ser/Cys‐protease inhibitor TPCK indicating proteolytic cleavage of LsNAC069 allows for relocalization. Co‐expression of effectors with LsNAC069ΔNAC reduced its nuclear accumulation. Surprisingly, LsNAC069 silenced lettuce lines had decreased LsNAC069 transcript levels but did not show significantly altered susceptibility to B. lactucae. In contrast, LsNAC069 silencing increased resistance to Pseudomonas cichorii bacteria and reduced wilting effects under moderate drought stress, indicating a broad role of LsNAC069 in abiotic and biotic stress responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multiple downy mildew effectors target the stress‐related NAC transcription factor LsNAC069 in lettuce

et al. 2019

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“…Some epiphytes may be injected into the internal space of the leaf and colonize as endophytes. The distribution pattern of the phyllosphere microorganisms is not even, mostly bacteria colonize at the epidermal wall junctions, specifically in the grooves and the veins or stomata or at the base of trichomes (Melotto et al 2008), also found in the cuticle layer, near hydathodes and stomatal pits (Aung et al 2018). The microbial load is higher at the lower leaf surface perhaps the lower leaf surface contains thin cuticle, stomata, and/or trichomes (Beattie and Lindow 1999).…”

Section: Microbial Diversity In the Phyllospherementioning

confidence: 98%

Phyllospheric Microbiomes: Diversity, Ecological Significance, and Biotechnological Applications

Sivakumar

Sathishkumar

Selvakumar

et al. 2020

Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

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The phyllosphere referred to the total aerial plant surfaces (above-ground portions), as habitat for microorganisms. Microorganisms establish compositionally complex communities on the leaf surface. The microbiome of phyllosphere is rich in diversity of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, and viruses. The diversity, dispersal, and community development on the leaf surface are based on the physiochemistry, environment, and also the immunity of the host plant. A colonization process is an important event where both the microbe and the host plant have been benefited. Microbes commonly established either epiphytic or endophytic mode of life cycle on phyllosphere environment, which helps the host plant and functional communication with the surrounding environment. To the scientific advancement, several molecular techniques like metagenomics and metaproteomics have been used to study and understand the physiology and functional relationship of microbes to the host and its environment. Based on the available information, this chapter describes the basic understanding of microbiome in leaf structure and physiology, microbial interactions, especially bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, and their adaptation in the phyllosphere environment. Further, the detailed information related to the importance of the microbiome in phyllosphere to the host plant and their environment has been analyzed. Besides, biopotentials of the phyllosphere microbiome have been reviewed.

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“…Aung et al . () describe the effect of water on the different facets of the infectious process: rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbes, stomatal functioning, defense mechanisms, and drought tolerance. Indeed, simultaneous exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses is likely the rule in plant‐microbe interactions: in the last article, Bai et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the environmental factors that influence disease development, high atmospheric humidity has been often found to influence plant-pathogen interactions. Aung et al (2018) describe the effect of water on the different facets of the infectious process: rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbes, stomatal functioning, defense mechanisms, and drought tolerance. Indeed, simultaneous exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses is likely the rule in plant-microbe interactions: in the last article, Bai et al (2018) examine the complexity of plant responses to combined salinity and pathogen stresses and highlight the role of the ABA signaling pathway, among other possible pathways mobilised in response to abiotic stress.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant biotic interactions: from conflict to collaboration

Glazebrook

Roby

2018

The Plant Journal

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Plants in nature live in intimate associations with other organisms, including microbial pathogens, symbiotic and otherwise beneficial microorganisms, herbivorous insects and nematodes, and in association with other plants. Besides being of considerable scientific interest, these interactions have major impacts on the yield of crops on which we rely. Recent research efforts have produced major advances in understanding these interactions at the molecular level, revealing a number of common themes in the recognition of other organisms by plants, plant immune responses, and mechanisms by which other organisms manipulate plant immunity. Beyond the complex processes governing the outcome of interactions between plants and other organisms, study of the environmental effects on these interactions is a field of research of increasing interest, not only to elucidate the way adaptation proceeds in changing environment, but also to understand how plants manage to optimize their response to biotic and abiotic constraints. This special issue of The Plant Journal, dedicated to 'Plant biotic interactions: from conflict to collaboration", highlights recent advances in the field of plant biotic interactions. The topics are diverse: plant immunity components and their manipulation by pathogens, plant disease and infection strategies, specific mechanisms developed by organisms such as nematodes or insects that enable them to feed on plant cells, symbioses, plant-plant interactions, and environmental factors acting on these interactions.During evolution, plants have developed a complex, multilayered defense system that is activated following pathogen perception and directs the establishment of immunity. In turn, microbial pathogens evolved to adapt to the host and counteract plant resistance by deploying an arsenal of virulence proteins that are able to suppress plant immune responses or, alternatively, activate plant susceptibility. In the first paper of this special issue, Saijo et al. (2018) provide an extensive review of plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their role in detection of microbe-associated and host damage-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs and DAMPs), and activation of intracellular signaling leading to PTI (PAMP Triggered Immunity). An unexpected variety of mechanisms is reported, including PRR-mediated control of beneficial and commensal microbes. Bacete et al. (2018) focus their review on recent advances in understanding how monitoring plant cell wall integrity impacts disease resistance. Upon infection or diverse stresses, cell wall alterations and DAMPs released from plant cell wall components (cellulose, pectin, hemicelluloses polysaccharides) are perceived through different sensor systems including multiple PRRs, and receptor-like kinases (RLKs), that activate DAMP-Triggered Immunity (DTI), which shares signaling components with the PTI pathways.Besides PTI, plants can deploy another immune response called ETI (Effector Triggered Immunity) after recognition of virulence proteins, called effector...

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The role of water in plant–microbe interactions

Cited by 157 publications

References 83 publications

Multiple downy mildew effectors target the stress‐related NAC transcription factor LsNAC069 in lettuce

Multiple downy mildew effectors target the stress‐related NAC transcription factor LsNAC069 in lettuce

Phyllospheric Microbiomes: Diversity, Ecological Significance, and Biotechnological Applications

Plant biotic interactions: from conflict to collaboration

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