The role of α1- and α2-adrenoceptors in gender differences in cutaneous LD flux response to local cooling

Cankar, Ksenija; Finderle, Žarko; Štrucl, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.mvr.2001.12.001

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In our experiments with diazepam all responses to cold were greater than in previous experiments of Cankar et al, 2004. It is possible that the reason is greater participation of a 2 -adrenoceptors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…Same investigators (Ekenvall et al, 1988, Cankar et al, 2004 claim that a 1 -adrenoceptors do not participate in the direct response to cold in humans. One of possible explanation is that cold exposure decreases affinity of these receptors for agonist (Rusch et al, 1981) so that they do not participate in direct response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was supposed that the a 1 -adrenoceptors have predominant role in indirect response to cold (Khan et al, 1988;Cankar et al, 2004). It has been demonstrated that diazepam and other BZ act like allosteric modulators of a 1 -adrenoceptor function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diazepam augments gender differences in cutaneous LD flux response to local cooling

Melik

Cankar

2005

Life Sciences

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diazepam augments gender differences in cutaneous LD flux response to local cooling

Melik

Cankar

2005

Life Sciences

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“…During the first 10 min of local cooling, an immediate and pronounced VC occurs that can be inhibited by either presynaptic sympatholytics or adrenoceptor antagonists (specifically ␣ 2 ) but not with proximal nerve blockade, suggesting a localized (i.e., nonreflex) mechanism dependent on norepinephrine of sympathetic origin binding to ␣ 2 -adrenoceptors (9,12,14,19,24,27,34). The results from the present study help to further clarify the mechanisms underlying this early-phase response to cooling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Cold-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction is mediated by Rho kinase in vivo in human skin

Thompson-Torgerson

Holowatz

Flavahan

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

103

108

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Thompson-Torgerson CS, Holowatz LA, Flavahan NA, Kenney WL. Cold-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction is mediated by Rho kinase in vivo in human skin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292: H1700-H1705, 2007. First published December 15, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01078.2006 is the initial thermoregulatory response to cold exposure and can be elicited through either whole body or localized skin cooling. However, the mechanisms governing local cold-induced VC are not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that Rho kinase participates in local cold-induced cutaneous VC. In seven men and women (20 -27 yr of age), up to four ventral forearm skin sites were instrumented with intradermal microdialysis fibers for localized drug delivery during cooling. Skin blood flow was monitored at each site with laserDoppler flowmetry while local skin temperature was decreased and maintained at 24°C for 40 min. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; laser-Doppler flowmetry/mean arterial pressure) was expressed as percent change from 34°C baseline. During the first 5 min of cooling, CVC decreased at control sites (lactated Ringer solution) to Ϫ45 Ϯ 6% (P Ͻ 0.001), increased at adrenoceptor-antagonized sites (yohimbine ϩ propranolol) to 15 Ϯ 14% (P ϭ 0.002), and remained unchanged at both Rho kinase-inhibited (fasudil) and adrenoceptor-antagonized ϩ Rho kinase-inhibited sites (yohimbine ϩ propranolol ϩ fasudil) (Ϫ9 Ϯ 1%, P ϭ 0.4 and Ϫ6 Ϯ 2%, P ϭ 0.4, respectively). During the last 5 min of cooling, CVC further decreased at all sites when compared with baseline values (control, Ϫ77 Ϯ 4%, P Ͻ 0.001; adrenoceptor antagonized, Ϫ61 Ϯ 3%, P Ͻ 0.001; Rho kinase inhibited, Ϫ34 Ϯ 7%, P Ͻ 0.001; and adrenoceptor antagonized ϩ Rho kinase inhibited sites, Ϫ35 Ϯ 3%, P Ͻ 0.001). Rho kinase-inhibited and combined treatment sites were significantly attenuated when compared with both adrenoceptor-antagonized (P Ͻ 0.01) and control sites (P Ͻ 0.0001). Rho kinase mediates both earlyand late-phase cold-induced VC, supporting in vitro findings and providing a putative mechanism through which both adrenergic and nonadrenergic cold-induced VC occurs in an in vivo human thermoregulatory model. fasudil; local cooling; vascular function; adrenergic; norepinephrine CUTANEOUS VASOCONSTRICTION (VC) is the initial thermoregulatory response to defend against cold exposure, effectively minimizing heat loss to the environment. Whole body skin cooling evokes reflex VC, which involves the release of norepinephrine and sympathetic cotransmitters from sympathetic adrenergic axon terminals (38 -40, 42), whereas localized cooling of the cutaneous blood vessels and surrounding tissue engages local (i.e., nonreflex) VC mechanisms that are mediated, in part, by ␣ 2 -adrenoceptors (12,14,27,34). Reflex and local VC are not mutually exclusive responses and often operate in concert during cold exposure to maximize VC (1). However, whereas reflex VC mechanisms are relatively well understood, the mechanisms that govern local cold-induced VC have not been fully elucidated.Localized ...

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“…After women have reached puberty, their cardiovascular system becomes subjected to a cyclic menstrual variation that involves hormonal status, autonomic nervous system activity, and peripheral vascular reactivity [6,20,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of skin laser-Doppler flux response to local cooling in gestational hypertension

2010

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The role of α1- and α2-adrenoceptors in gender differences in cutaneous LD flux response to local cooling

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

Diazepam augments gender differences in cutaneous LD flux response to local cooling

Diazepam augments gender differences in cutaneous LD flux response to local cooling

Cold-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction is mediated by Rho kinase in vivo in human skin

Alteration of skin laser-Doppler flux response to local cooling in gestational hypertension

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