The role of β- and α-adrenoceptors in the regulation of the stages of the sleep-waking cycle in the cat

Hilakivi, I.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90912-5

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…To assess the sensitivity of blink reflex control mechanisms to pharmacological manipulation, the noradrenergic α 2 agonist clonidine (5 µg/kg) and the α 2 antagonist yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg) were administered by intraperitoneal injection 30 min prior to testing (Hilakivi 1983;Chen et al 1991). Control injections of vehicle solutions were not tested because they did not alter blink parameters in pilot studies and risked injury to intraperitoneal structures.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Control injections of vehicle solutions were not tested because they did not alter blink parameters in pilot studies and risked injury to intraperitoneal structures. The doses chosen for clonidine and yohimbine were based on a review of the literature (Hilakivi 1983;Chen et al 1991) and the results of pilot studies. Higher doses of clonidine produced mild sedation (Hilakivi 1983).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The doses chosen for clonidine and yohimbine were based on a review of the literature (Hilakivi 1983;Chen et al 1991) and the results of pilot studies. Higher doses of clonidine produced mild sedation (Hilakivi 1983). Higher doses of yohimbine were associated with mildly agitated behavior (Morgan et al 1993).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blink reflex to supraorbital nerve stimulation in the cat

LeDoux¹,

Lorden

Weir

et al. 1997

Exp Brain Res

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Neurophysiological studies of the blink reflex to supraorbital nerve stimulation were conducted in eight alert, adult male cats. The cat, like other mammals, shows both short-latency (R1) and long-latency (R2) orbicularis oculi electromyographic (OOemg) components. Measures of OOemg latency, duration, integrated area, and maximum amplitude (MA) were obtained at a stimulus magnitude of 1.5xR2 threshold. The mean (+/-SE) minimal latencies for R1 and R2 were 8.26+/-0.85 and 22.97+/-1.53 ms, respectively. On average, R1 MA was larger than R2 MA. R1 and R2 area measures were similar. Three stimulus paradigms were tested. In a paired-stimulus paradigm, the interstimulus interval (ISI) was randomly varied from 100 to 1200 ms. Ratios were constructed for the OOemg area and MA by dividing the test response by the conditioning response. In this paradigm, although a significant linear relationship was observed only between ISI and R2 MA, conditioning effects were noted on both R1 and R2 area and MA test responses at several ISIs. In a habituation paradigm, both R2 and R1 showed habituation at stimulus frequencies from 0.5 to 2 Hz. In a stimulus-response paradigm, stimulus magnitude was randomly varied between threshold and 2xthreshold. In this paradigm, OOemg area and MA of both R1 and R2 were linearly related to stimulus magnitude. Neither the systemically administered centrally acting alpha2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine nor agonist clonidine had significant effects on blink reflex parameters, habituation, or the paired-stimulus paradigm. Overall, these results suggest that there are important similarities in the control and modulation of the R1 and R2 components of the blink reflex to supraorbital nerve stimulation in cats.

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Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blink reflex to supraorbital nerve stimulation in the cat

LeDoux¹,

Lorden

Weir

et al. 1997

Exp Brain Res

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“…The effects of a single injection of clonidine on the REM and NREM sleep depend on the doses [11][12][13]. However, the reducing effects of clonidine on the duration of REM sleep have been consistently reported in animals [11][12][13] and humans [14,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct association between the antagonistic jaw muscle activity levels and cardiac activity during chewing and NREM sleep in the freely moving guinea pigs

Kato

Masuda

Miyano

et al. 2015

Neuroscience Letters

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“…However, the actions of clonidine on sleep are complex. In long-term studies of the effects of clonidine and other c-adrenergic agonists the incidence of all sleep states was found to be reduced (Leppavuori & Putkonen, 1980;Hilakivi, 1983), and a detailed analysis ofe.e.g. patterns after clonidine administration in rats showed that the state induced differed from any classically defined state of sleep or arousal (Pastel & Fernstrom, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the alpha 2‐adrenergic agonist clonidine and its antagonist idazoxan on the fetal lamb.

Bamford¹,

Dawes²,

Denny³

et al. 1986

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The a2-adrenergic agonist clonidine was given by aortic injection to three groups of unanaesthetized fetal lambs in utero near term. One group was intact, the second had the brain stem transacted just above the pons, and the third had bilateral section of the carotid sinus nerves and cervical vagi.2. Clonidine had similar effects in all three groups. Electrocortical activity entered a high-voltage, low-frequency episode: breathing, neck and limb movements ceased; arterial pressure remained unchanged or increased; heart rate fell or remained unchanged, and the variation in both heart rate and blood pressure was much reduced. This state lasted 10-20 min, and was followed by a period of up to 4 h during which the cycling of electrocortical activity was rapid and irregular.3. The a2-adrenergic antagonist idazoxan (0-5-2-0 mg I.A.) blocked all the actions of clonidine. When given alone it usually induced a short period of low-voltage electrocortical activity and stimulated breathing movements. These effects were present in both the intact and brain-stem-transected groups, though the stimulation of breathing was significantly reduced by brain-stem transaction. There were no consistent effects on heart rate or blood pressure.4. The effects of clonidine on fetal heart rate and electrocortical activity were similar to those described in adults, but it also had inhibitory effects, not present in adults, on fetal breathing and somatic movements.

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The role of β- and α-adrenoceptors in the regulation of the stages of the sleep-waking cycle in the cat

Cited by 40 publications

References 36 publications

Blink reflex to supraorbital nerve stimulation in the cat

Blink reflex to supraorbital nerve stimulation in the cat

Distinct association between the antagonistic jaw muscle activity levels and cardiac activity during chewing and NREM sleep in the freely moving guinea pigs

Effects of the alpha 2‐adrenergic agonist clonidine and its antagonist idazoxan on the fetal lamb.

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