The Role of β-Glycosylated Wall Teichoic Acids in the Reduction of Vancomycin Susceptibility in Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus

Hort, Michael; Bertsche, Ute; Nozinovic, Senada; Dietrich, Alina; Schrötter, Anne Sophie; Mildenberger, Laura; Axtmann, Katharina; Berscheid, Anne; Bierbaum, Gabriele

doi:10.1128/spectrum.00528-21

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“… 120 And changes in some cell wall components, such as β-glycosylated wall teichoic acids, reduced the binding affinity between S. aureus autolysin and cell wall, and reduced cell wall autolysis to result in antibiotic resistance. 121 In S. aureus , phosphatases could dephosphorylate teichoic acid, a molecule that plays a key role for bacterial colonization on artificial surfaces, and they expressed on strains’ surface and caused dephosphorylation of different proteins. Among these, alkaline phosphatase plays an indispensable role in phosphate metabolism and biofilm formation.…”

Section: Resistance Mechanisms Of Mrsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Prevalence, Classification and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Hou¹,

Liu²,

Wei³

et al. 2023

IDR

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Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen with a variety of virulence factors, which can cause multiple infectious diseases. In recent decades, due to the constant evolution and the abuse of antibiotics, Staphylococcus aureus was becoming more resistant, the infection rate of MRSA remained high, and clinical treatment of MRSA became more difficult. The genetic diversity of MRSA was mainly represented by the continuous emergence of epidemic strains, resulting in the constant changes of epidemic clones. Different classes of MRSA resulted in different epidemics and resistance characteristics, which could affect the clinical symptoms and treatments. MRSA had also spread from traditional hospitals to community and livestock environments, and the new clones established a relationship between animals and humans, promoting further evolution of MRSA. Since the resistance mechanism of MRSA is very complex, it is important to clarify these resistance mechanisms at the molecular level for the treatment of infectious diseases. We firstly described the diversity of SCC mec elements, and discussed the types of SCC mec , its drug resistance mechanisms and expression regulations. Then, we described how the vanA operon makes Staphylococcus aureus resistant to vancomycin and its expression regulation. Finally, a brief introduction was given to the drug resistance mechanisms of biofilms and efflux pump systems. Analyzing the resistance mechanism of MRSA can help study new anti-infective drugs and alleviate the evolution of MRSA. At the end of the review, we summarized the treatment strategies for MRSA infection, including antibiotics, anti-biofilm agents and efflux pump inhibitors. To sum up, here we reviewed the epidemic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus , summarized its classifications, drug resistance mechanisms of MRSA (SCC mec element, vanA operon, biofilm and active efflux pump system) and novel therapy strategies, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of MRSA infection.

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Section: Resistance Mechanisms Of Mrsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Prevalence, Classification and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Hou¹,

Liu²,

Wei³

et al. 2023

IDR

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“…However, most autolysins under the control of WalRK were overexpressed in CmR-02. This contradicts the theory of a decreased WalK activity in CmR-02, but actually an elevated expression of the minor autolysins was also seen for other VISA/glycopeptide-intermediately resistant Staphylococcus aureus (GISA) strains ( 81 , 85 – 87 ), and these proteins are most probably not involved in cell lysis but in growth and confer plasticity to the cell envelope ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Cervimycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Display Vancomycin-Intermediate Resistant Phenotypes

et al. 2022

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“…The cell envelope of Gram‐positive bacteria consists of a thick, relatively porous structure, the peptidoglycan layer, which is permeable for small peptides (Lambert, 2002). However, changes in bacterial cell surface properties, such as the peptidoglycan layer, can modulate antimicrobial susceptibility (Hort et al, 2021). In addition, several other mechanisms determine the intrinsic susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides, such as the presence of efflux pumps that mediate compound export, or enzymes modifying and thus, inactivating the antimicrobial molecule (Blair et al, 2015; Peterson & Kaur, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The toxicological spectrum of the Bacillus cereus toxin cereulide points towards niche‐specific specialisation

Jenull

Bauer

Silbermayr

et al. 2023

Environmental Microbiology

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Most microbes share their environmental niches with very different forms of life thereby engaging in specialised relationships to enable their persistence. The bacterium Bacillus cereus occurs ubiquitously in the environment with certain strain backgrounds causing foodborne and opportunistic infections in humans. The emetic lineage of B. cereus is capable of producing the toxin cereulide, which evokes emetic illnesses. Although food products favouring the accumulation of cereulide are known, the ecological role of cereulide and the environmental niche of emetic B. cereus remain elusive. To better understand the ecology of cereulide‐producing B. cereus, we systematically assayed the toxicological spectrum of cereulide on a variety of organisms belonging to different kingdoms. As cereulide is a potassium ionophore, we further tested the effect of environmental potassium levels on the action of cereulide. We found that adverse effects of cereulide exposure are species‐specific, which can be exacerbated with increased environmental potassium. Additionally, we demonstrate that cereulide is produced within an insect cadaver indicating its potential ecological function for a saprophytic lifestyle. Collectively, distinct cereulide susceptibilities of other organisms may reflect its role in enabling competitive niche specialization of emetic B. cereus.

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The Role of β-Glycosylated Wall Teichoic Acids in the Reduction of Vancomycin Susceptibility in Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract: Infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are commonly treated with vancomycin. This antibiotic inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by binding to the cell wall building block lipid II.

Cited by 16 publications

References 64 publications

Progress in the Prevalence, Classification and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Progress in the Prevalence, Classification and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cervimycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Display Vancomycin-Intermediate Resistant Phenotypes

The toxicological spectrum of the Bacillus cereus toxin cereulide points towards niche‐specific specialisation

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