The Role of β1,2-Adrenoceptors in the Amygdala in the Behavior of Rats with Different Levels of Freezing in Conditioned Reflex Fear

Павлова, И. В.; Рысакова, М. П.

doi:10.1007/s11055-019-00785-1

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Increased levels of noradrenaline, particularly within these limbic regions, are associated with fear responses and activation of anxiety (Montoya et al, 2016). Consistent with this notion, this study also observed that females born preterm have reduced expression of the noradrenaline beta-1 receptor ADBR1, which is also associated with fear responses (Nesse et al, 1984;Pavlova & Rysakova, 2019). Thus, these changes in preterm-born females may contribute toward their predisposition to developing anxiety-related disorders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Ongoing effects of preterm birth on the dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of guinea pigs

Moloney,

Palliser,

Dyson

et al. 2024

Developmental Neurobiology

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Children born preterm have an increased likelihood of developing neurobehavioral disorders such as attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety. These disorders have a sex bias, with males having a higher incidence of ADHD, whereas anxiety disorder tends to be more prevalent in females. Both disorders are underpinned by imbalances to key neurotransmitter systems, with dopamine and noradrenaline in particular having major roles in attention regulation and stress modulation. Preterm birth disturbances to neurodevelopment may affect this neurotransmission in a sexually dimorphic manner. Time‐mated guinea pig dams were allocated to deliver by preterm induction of labor (gestational age 62 [GA62]) or spontaneously at term (GA69). The resultant offspring were randomized to endpoints as neonates (24 h after term‐equivalence age) or juveniles (corrected postnatal day 40, childhood equivalence). Relative mRNA expressions of key dopamine and noradrenaline pathway genes were examined in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and quantified with real‐time PCR. Myelin basic protein and neuronal nuclei immunostaining were performed to characterize the impact of preterm birth. Within the frontal cortex, there were persisting reductions in the expression of dopaminergic pathway components that occurred in preterm males only. Conversely, preterm‐born females had increased expression of key noradrenergic receptors and a reduction of the noradrenergic transporter within the hippocampus. This study demonstrated that preterm birth results in major changes in dopaminergic and noradrenergic receptor, transporter, and synthesis enzyme gene expression in a sex‐ and region‐based manner that may contribute to the sex differences in susceptibility to neurobehavioral disorders. These findings highlight the need for the development of sex‐based treatments for improving these conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%