2014
DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0377
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The Roles of Catabolic Factors in the Development of Osteoarthritis

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Cited by 80 publications
(67 citation statements)
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References 94 publications
(90 reference statements)
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“…Moreover, high levels of IL1β RA have been found in the SF of OA patients with a 4000× ratio versus IL1β. As suggested by Blasioli and Kaplan (), in in vitro culture systems the concentrations of IL1β, “several orders of magnitude higher than what is found in the OSF,” are needed to reproduce an environment similar to OA.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, high levels of IL1β RA have been found in the SF of OA patients with a 4000× ratio versus IL1β. As suggested by Blasioli and Kaplan (), in in vitro culture systems the concentrations of IL1β, “several orders of magnitude higher than what is found in the OSF,” are needed to reproduce an environment similar to OA.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Human cartilage explants were cultured in 10 ng/ml TNF-α to mimic cartilage degradation in vitro, as TNF-α is a well-accepted inducer of catabolism in cartilage (22). KOR signaling was activated by adding 1 μM dynorphin A in the culture medium.…”
Section: Oprk1mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Inflammation within the joints is one of the main contributors to OA [92]. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6) and cytokine-inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly upregulated in OA [93].…”
Section: Mirnas In Inflammation and Matrix Degradation In Osteoarthritismentioning
confidence: 99%