The Roles of Ethnicity and Culture in the Development of Eating Disturbance and Body Dissatisfaction: A Meta-Analytic Review

Wildes, Jennifer E.; Emery, Robert E.; Simons, Anne D.

doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00071-9

Cited by 343 publications

(271 citation statements)

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“…It is interesting to observe that there were more overweight and obese subjects who did not feel overweight than overweight and obese subjects who did feel overweight. This is consistent with other studies showing a greater level of body satisfaction in African subjects (Loveloy, 2001;Wildes et al, 2001;Holdsworth et al, 2004). In spite of this we found that women tried to lose weight more often than men and it is even more noteworthy to observe that 22% of YW wanted to lose weight but only 14% had a BMI greater than 25 kg/m 2 .…”

Section: Urbanization and Obesity In The Gambiasupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Social and cultural values have a profound influence on body image perception and many non-Caucasian ethnic groups (Blacks, Pacific Islanders, Hispanics) view larger body size as attractive and associated with affluence, enhancing the hypothesis of being more obesity tolerant (Kumanyika et al, 1993;Williamson, 1998;Wildes et al, 2001). A specific association between education and socio-economic status has been observed in very poor countries, where obesity levels are low and greatly concentrated among wealthy and well-educated subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urbanization and obesity in The Gambia: a country in the early stages of the demographic transition

et al. 2005

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Objective: To investigate the distribution of overweight and obesity and its relationship with socio-economic and behavioural factors in a developing-country population undergoing rapid nutritional transition. Design: Cross-sectional house-to-house survey in urban Gambia. Subjects: Four groups of 50 subjects were sampled as follows: young men (YM, 14-25 years), young women (YW, 14-25 years), older men (OM, 35-50 years) and older women (OW,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50). Measurements: Several socio-economic and behavioural factors were investigated. Composite indices for socio-economic status, education, healthy lifestyle and western influences were created. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Body composition was assessed by leg-to-leg bioimpedance. Overweight was defined as BMI ¼ 25.0-29.9 kg/m 2 and obesity as BMIX30.0 kg/m 2 . Results: There were highly significant gender and age differences in overweight (YM ¼ 0%, YW ¼ 10%, OM ¼ 6% and OW ¼ 34%) and obesity (YM ¼ 0%, YW ¼ 4%, OM ¼ 6% and OW ¼ 50%). Only 16% of OW were neither overweight nor obese compared to 88% of OM. OW had a higher fat mass percent (38.4%) than other groups, while fat-free mass (kg) was significantly higher in males than females with YW having the lowest value. Young generations were more educated and more influenced by western ideals than OM and OW. Weight gain was not always associated with weight concern and many overweight/obese subjects did not perceive themselves as overweight. Conclusion: Social and behavioural changes are already creating a perceptible 'generational gap' among this population undergoing rapid transition. The improved education and current lean status of the younger adults offers opportunities for preventative interventions. These need to be specially targeted at women.

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Section: Urbanization and Obesity In The Gambiasupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization and obesity in The Gambia: a country in the early stages of the demographic transition

et al. 2005

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“…These studies either used parental education, parental occupation, or a combination of these two Striegel- Moore, 2007;Miller & Pumariega, 2001;Perez, Voelz, Pettit, & Joiner, 2002), but other studies reported the opposite results, proposing that the stress from not acculturating increases the likelihood of developing eating disturbances (Smolak & Striegel-Moore, 2001). Yet other research indicated that acculturation is only associated with eating disorder symptomatology within certain ethnicities (Smolak & Striegel-Moore, 2001) or that acculturation does not affect risk for eating disorder symptomatology (Wildes & Emery, 2001). The conflicting findings regarding the relationship between acculturation and eating disturbances may reflect the inconsistent measures and operational definitions of acculturation used in these studies (Becker & Fay, 2006).…”

Section: Ethnic Differences 27mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Task Force on DSM-IV., 1994) were developed from studies of White populations in Western countries (Cummins, Simmons, & Zane, Ethnic Differences 4 2005;Mumford, 1993;Wildes & Emery, 2001) and may not apply especially well to non-White populations. Each ethnicity may present eating disorders through a different set of symptoms, and the pattern in ethnic differences may depend on the observed behavior (Crago & Shisslak, 2003;Gilbert, 2003).…”

Section: Ethnic Differences In Eating Disorder Symptomatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each ethnicity may present eating disorders through a different set of symptoms, and the pattern in ethnic differences may depend on the observed behavior (Crago & Shisslak, 2003;Gilbert, 2003). Indeed, several reviews of disordered eating behaviors found that dieting is more common among White females than minority females, but Black and Hispanic females are more likely than White females to binge eat (Crago & Shisslak, 2003;O'Neill, 2003;Wildes & Emery, 2001).…”

Section: Ethnic Differences In Eating Disorder Symptomatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethnic differences in weight control practices among U.S. adolescents from 1995 to 2005

Chao

Pisetsky

Dierker

et al. 2008

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: To examine trends in weight control practices from 1995 to 2005. Method: The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System biennially assesses five weight control behaviors among nationally representative samples of United States high school students. Results: Across time, more females than males dieted (53.8% vs. 23.8%), used diet products (10% vs. 4.3%), purged (7.5% vs. 2.7%), exercised (66.5% vs. 46.9%), or vigorously exercised (42.8% vs. 36.8%). All weight control behaviors among males increased during the decade. Black females were less likely than Hispanic females, who were less likely than White females, to practice weight control. White males were less likely than Black males, who were less likely than Hispanic males, to practice weight control. The ethnic difference in weight control practices is consistent across time. Conclusion: All male adolescents are at increasing risk for developing eating disorder symptomatology, and Black females appear to continue to resist pressure to pursue thinness. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008

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Epidemiology of Eating Disorders

Wade

Keski‐Rahkonen

Hudson

2011

Textbook of Psychiatric Epidemiology

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The Roles of Ethnicity and Culture in the Development of Eating Disturbance and Body Dissatisfaction: A Meta-Analytic Review

Cited by 343 publications

References 64 publications

Urbanization and obesity in The Gambia: a country in the early stages of the demographic transition

Urbanization and obesity in The Gambia: a country in the early stages of the demographic transition

Ethnic differences in weight control practices among U.S. adolescents from 1995 to 2005

Epidemiology of Eating Disorders

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