“…Application users are very concerned about the risks posed by the security of applications used for financial transactions in the online retail sector (Hsiao, 2021;Nizam, Hwang, & Valaei, 2019). Researchers have examined how a person's perception related to the risk impacts whether they use their mobile wallet to make cashless payments (F. Chen & Jiang, 2022;Rahman, Ismail, Bahri, & Rahman, 2022). Although mobile payments are popular and practical (Nizam et al, 2019;Yan, Tan, Loh, Hew, & Ooi, 2021), security and privacy concerns result from such transactions (Aji, Berakon, & Md Husin, 2020;Kasirye & Masum, 2021).…”