The Roles of Invariant NKT Cells in Bowel Immunity — Suppression of Tumor Progression and Rejection of Intestinal Transplants

Tsuruyama, Tatsuaki; Aini, Wulamujiang

doi:10.5772/57588

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In fact, apoptosis and ACR of intestinal allograft was observed in the absence of CTLs in a rat model [27]. In fact, our immunohistochemistry did not consistently reveal CTL infiltrates in allografts except in the first episode of rejection [10,22,23,28]. CTL has the potential to express FasL.…”

Section: T Cells Infiltrate Allografts At the Onset Of Acrmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The intestine is host to bacterial and microorganism flora, however, this value elevates to over 3.0 mg/10 -1 L at the onset of ACR. Following immunosuppressive therapy, this value promptly decreased to 1.0 mg/10 -1 L [22,23]. Nonetheless, low copy numbers of CMV infection in the transplants did not significantly elevate the CRP value.…”

Section: Microorganisms and Acrmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…AID gene expression in allograft PPs/ILFs that the immunological burden may promote the maturation of B cells [26]. Histological examination showed hyperplastic changes of PPs with an increase in expression of CD20, a mature B cell marker at the onset of ACR [23].…”

Section: Histologic Finding In Peyer's Patch (Pp) and Isolated Lymphomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is one of the poor prognoses of intestinal transplants, because once the mucosal defensive mechanism is lost in the erosive site, the graft becomes susceptible to bacterial and viral infection. Therefore, the immunosuppressive therapy before PP disintegration is essential for the control of post-transplantation success rate [23].…”

Section: Histologic Finding In Peyer's Patch (Pp) and Isolated Lymphomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the onset of ACR, natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells transiently increase in number, as well as iNKT cells ( Figure 4A, B), and both rapidly decrease following steroid pulse therapy [23]. The iNKT cells have the potential to produce IL-4, which contributes to the development of Th2 cells and antagonizes Th1 and CTL responses.…”

Section: T Cells Infiltrate Allografts At the Onset Of Acrmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Histopathology of Intestinal Transplant Rejections

Tsuruyama¹

2016

SOJI

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

and its mucosa includes its native lymphoid tissue. These complicated factors contribute to the high frequency and severity of ACR. Recent studies have indicated novel techniques for identification of the flora, using profiling as a diagnostic marker of rejection [14]. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) [15] infection are also causes of implications following an increased dose of steroid pulse, tacrolimus, and other immunosuppressive reagents. In particular, CMV enteritis is persistent and erosion in an immunocompromised status leads to the destruction of the mucosal architecture after severe inflammation. Immunohistochemical assessment is one of the available methods for identification of CMV. Recently, a DNA extraction technique has been developed and PCR tests for the identification of CMV have become available using formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue [16]. The mucosal damage in CMV intestinal enteritis is frequently severe and it is difficult to make a differential diagnosis from ACR. In an immunocompromised state, patients are at increased risk of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) due to EBV infection. Monomorphic PTLDs have potential to develop into B cell lymphomas, and reduction of immunosuppression results in normalization and loss of EBV-associated expression. The expression of EBV can be analyzed by real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry of LMP-1 or in situ hybridization for EBER (EBV encoded small RNA) [17]. Ramos, et al. [18] reported that the frequency of graft removal due to EBV infection is higher than 40%, and the subsequent patient survival rate is less than 70%. Candidate biomarkers of ACR The candidate biomarkers of ACR have been investigated in peripheral blood of intestinal transplant patients, in which ribosomal proteins such as RPL13A [3], markers IL1R2, ICAM1, GZMB, CCL3 [19,20], and citrulline levels [21] have been reported. The production of IL-5 increases significantly relative to other cytokines in the allograft tissue during ACR [22]. In parallel with this, eosinophil infiltrates have frequently been observed [22], as well as mixed cellular inflammation [11]. C-reactive protein (CRP) is another indicator of ACR (Figure 1A); this protein is known to rise in inflammation following IL-6 secretion by macrophages. A CRP test has been shown to measure 1.0-3.0 mg/10-1 L in patients without administration of an immunosuppressive reagent; Absract Small bowel transplantation is one of the standard therapies for short-bowel syndrome. Nevertheless, histological rejection is still a main cause for failure of intestinal transplants. The present review aims to elucidate the histologic findings for diagnosis of acute cellular rejection (ACR). We review immunohistologic findings along with assessment of patients' clinical courses. In addition to crypt apoptosis, which is considered as a sensitive histologic finding in ACR, T-lymphocyte apoptosis and phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies in the lamina propria of villi were common findings of ACR. Recent...

show abstract

Section: T Cells Infiltrate Allografts At the Onset Of Acrmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Microorganisms and Acrmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Histologic Finding In Peyer's Patch (Pp) and Isolated Lymphomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Histologic Finding In Peyer's Patch (Pp) and Isolated Lymphomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T Cells Infiltrate Allografts At the Onset Of Acrmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Histopathology of Intestinal Transplant Rejections

Tsuruyama¹

2016

SOJI

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Pathology of Intestinal Transplantation: Rejection and a Case of Tolerance

Tsuruyama¹

2021

Organ Donation and Transplantation

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Small bowel transplants are less common than other organ transplants. Histological criteria for rejection of the transplanted small intestine were proposed at the 8th International Symposium on Small Intestinal Transplantation 2003-2004 [1, 2]. The Banff Conference on Transplant Disease Pathology, an international conference on the rejection of small bowel transplants, was held in 2019, and unifying diagnostic criteria were discussed (https://banfffoundation.org/pittsburgh-2019/). These histological criteria are expected to be standardized in the near future. This review outlines new findings such as apoptosis and apoptotic-body phagocytic findings in the lamina propria and behavior of natural killer T (NKT) cells, in addition to previously known crypt Fas-related apoptosis in acute cellular rejection. Furthermore, we review the case of a recipient who has shown no rejection for 5 years after transplantation. In the transplanted small intestine of this patient, the lymphocytes were replaced by those of another male patient.

show abstract

The Roles of Invariant NKT Cells in Bowel Immunity — Suppression of Tumor Progression and Rejection of Intestinal Transplants

Cited by 2 publications

References 57 publications

Histopathology of Intestinal Transplant Rejections

Histopathology of Intestinal Transplant Rejections

Pathology of Intestinal Transplantation: Rejection and a Case of Tolerance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About