The roles of metal co-catalysts and reaction media in photocatalytic hydrogen production: Performance evaluation of M/TiO2 photocatalysts (M = Pd, Pt, Au) in different alcohol–water mixtures

Hydrogen Generation through Solar Photocatalytic Processes: A Review of the Configuration and the Properties of Effective Metal-Based Semiconductor Nanomaterials

“…In particular, the highest photoefficiencies for hydrogen production have been achieved in the presence of platinum, followed by palladium and gold [117,118]. An effective and low-cost substitute for noble metals is represented by a selected group of Earth-abundant metals including cobalt [119], nickel [120] and copper.…”

Comparing the Reaction Rates of Plasmonic (Gold) and Non-Plasmonic (Palladium) Metal Particles in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

“…2a, b). This may be due to differences in the work function (WF) of Pd (5.6 eV), Au (5.3 eV) with respect to TiO 2 (4.2 eV) [19,36]. If the role of the metal particle is as an electron sink, the H 2 production rates should depend on/relate to the WF of the metal.…”

“…Loading of noble metal nanoparticles such as Pt, Pd and Rh on TiO 2 is needed to improve its photocatalytic efficiency [15,16]. The role of noble metal particles, their particle size and dispersion effect has been studied by us and others for a while [4,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Their role is, so far, understood as an electron sink to reduce charge carrier recombination rate and therefore increase H + reduction (a much slower process) to molecular hydrogen.…”

Evidence of Plasmonic Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production on Pd/TiO2 Upon Deposition on Thin Films of Gold

“…external diameter) at 45 •C and N 2 was used as a carrier gas (Flow rate of 20mL/min). We, and others, have studied the reaction products during photocatalytic reforming of alcohols which ultimately results in hydrogen and CO 2 formation as the final reaction products [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”