The roles of nucleation and growth kinetics in determining Li metal morphology for Li metal batteries: columnar versus spherical growth

Abstract

Li metal thin films have been considered one of ideal anode materials for high energy density rechargeable batteries. Although recent efforts have shown promise in improving the electrochemical performance of...

Spatially isolating Li+ reduction from Li deposition via a Li22Sn5 alloy protective layer for advanced Li metal anodes

“…With the aid of the lithiophilicity of the Li alloy protective layer, the dense aggregation and lateral growth are achieved while being Li dendrite free. 66 That is to say, physical separation of the Li + reduction reaction and Li nucleation/growth process can force Li deposition in a compact way. In principle, the ''dead'' Li formation and dendrite growth are prohibited by the Li 22 Sn 5 alloy coating layer, offering a more stable interface in solidstate Li batteries and ensuring excellent electrochemical performance.…”

Water as Additive Directing Lithium Electrodeposition

“…We independently look at the formation step (i.e., potentials without lithium deposition, U > 0 V vs Li QRE) and the growth step ( U < 0 V vs Li QRE). In the literature, both the formation step ,, and solution agitation during growth ,, (i.e., continuous supply of the additive) have been cited as factors affecting lithium morphology.…”

“…This growth mode is commonly attributed to a LiF solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, mainly through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). − So far, deposition of columnar lithium layers has attracted interest for its smooth or “dendrite-free” morphology, but it has also shown improved results in terms of lifetime and Coulombic efficiency . In particular, a unique type of plating and stripping along the length of the columns was observed in cycling, ,, implying reduced local current densities and a limited volumetric change of the lithium metal anode, mitigating well-known causes of ramified growth and failure in lithium metal batteries.…”

Fast Charging Lithium Metal Batteries with Liquid and Solid‐State Electrolytes

“…However, mass transport limiting in the bulk electrolyte is not the only factor determining lithium dendrite growth, and thus, many other factors should be considered, such as lithium-ion transport kinetics through the SEI, lithium-ion desolvation kinetics, and the uniformity and stability of the SEI layers (Figure 1). [25,26] In this section, recent progress and strategies to address the above issues are thoroughly discussed.…”