The Roles of Rainfall and Runoff in the Sediment Transport Capacity of Interrill Flow

Guy, B. T.; Dickinson, W. T.; Rudra, R. P.

doi:10.13031/2013.30575

Cited by 81 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The Bayesian network model results in Figure 7 showed that rainfall intensity and clipping intensity affected soil erosion by increasing the runoff depth and enhancing the v values on the slopes with clipped vegetation. Higher rainfall intensity leads to increased runoff generation, enhanced local turbulence in the runoff, subsequently, greater soil loss (Guy et al, 1987; Yong & Wenzel, 1971). The clipping treatment reduces surface roughness and increases flow velocity and runoff volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the relationship between soil erosion and hydraulic parameters on slopes with clipped herbaceous vegetation through Bayesian network modeling

He,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Land Degrad Dev

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Clipping management, which alters vegetation conditions by removing aboveground vegetation while preserving the underground root system, directly impacts hydrological processes and flow dynamics, ultimately affecting soil erosion processes. This study conducted field experiments (2 × 6 m) encompassing four clipping intensities (with vegetation coverage of 70%, 50%, 25%, and 0%), three rainfall intensities (60, 90, and 120 mm·h−1), and three slope gradients (10°, 20°, and 30°). The results showed that clipping treatments significantly reduced the Darcy–Weisbach resistance coefficient (f). Elevated levels of clipping intensity, rainfall intensity, and slope gradient led to increased flow velocity (v), Reynolds number (Re), and stream power (ω). The shear stress (τ) exhibited an upward trend with rising slope and rainfall intensity, with no significant difference in the effect of clipping intensity. Variation partitioning analysis demonstrated that the influence of steep slopes amplified the effects of rainfall intensity while diminishing the impact of clipping intensity on v values. Critically, the Bayesian network model suggested that, in comparison to the influence of raindrop splashing, soil detachment and transportation by runoff were the predominant driving mechanisms for erosion on slopes with clipped vegetation. Rainfall intensity and clipping intensity were found to raise the runoff depth and enhance the v value, which ultimately influenced soil erosion. Overall, these results contribute to an improved comprehension of the hydraulic dynamics of soil erosion on slopes with clipped vegetation and provide invaluable perspectives for developing effective clipping management strategies to ensure sustainable land utilization and judicious water resource governance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the relationship between soil erosion and hydraulic parameters on slopes with clipped herbaceous vegetation through Bayesian network modeling

He,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Land Degrad Dev

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“…Eventually, the slope morphology of the plot stabilized, and the run‐off V and Fr values also tended to stabilize (Su, Xiong, Dong, Zhang, et al, 2015; Zhang et al, 2016). Higher incoming flow rates could increase the degree of turbulence (Guy et al, 1987), with Fr at the 60 L/min flow rate exceeding that at the 120 L/min flow rate under the same soil layer and headcut height conditions. This result mainly occurs because Fr depends on V and the flow depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher incoming flow rates could increase the degree of turbulence (Guy et al, 1987), with Fr at the 60 L/min flow rate exceeding that at the 120 L/min flow rate under the same soil layer and headcut height conditions. This result mainly occurs because Fr depends on V and the flow depth.…”

Section: Relationship Between the Headcut Height And Hydraulic Charac...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Dynamics of run‐off hydraulic characteristics during gully headcut erosion driven by head height

Tang,

Liao,

Lin

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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In the granitic red soil hills region of South China, gully headcut erosion is considered one of the main processes in the development of gullies. However, the dynamics of run‐off hydraulic characteristics such as hydrodynamics and energy consumption during erosion have not been clarified. We investigated the effects of five headcut heights (25 to 125 cm) on hydrodynamic and energy consumption characteristics using field in situ water discharge scouring experiments. The results demonstrated that the flow velocity (V), Froude number (Fr), Reynolds number (Re), run‐off shear (τ) and run‐off power (ω) all indicate the upstream area (UA) > gully bed (GB). Except for V and Fr, several other hydraulic parameters exhibited a trend of sandy soil layer > red soil layer, and a fluctuating increase with increasing headcut height was observed in the GB. The jet velocity at the edge of the headcut (Vb), jet shear stress (τj), potential energy conversion (∆EP) and bottoming instantaneous kinetic energy (EKbottom) all increased exponentially with increasing headcut height by factors of 1.10 to 1.37, 1.16 to 2.00, 1.07 to 2.06 and 1.22 to 1.86, respectively. Except for ∆EP, all others performed a trend of sandy soil layer > red soil layer. The energy consumption at the gully head (∆EH) and its contribution tended to significantly increase with increasing headcut height, and the ∆EH of sandy soil layer was 13.20% to 49.89% higher than that of red soil layer. When the headcut height was greater than 100 cm, the contribution of energy consumption exceeded 50%. In addition, the sediment deposition process throughout the system was significantly influenced by the hydraulic and jet characteristics, and energy consumption was positively correlated with soil loss. The study results contribute to a profound understanding of gully headcut erosion and its hydrodynamic mechanisms.

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“…In contrast, on nearly flat slopes (1%-2%) with deep flow depths (~10 mm), Nearing and Parker [40] found that turbulent flow resulted in far greater soil detachment rates than did laminar flow, in part as a result of greater shear stresses. Following Gilley and Finkner [29], Guy et al [41] examined the effects of raindrop impact on interrill sediment transport capacity in flume studies at 9%-20% slopes. Assuming a laminar flow regime, they found that raindrop splash accounted for~85% of the transport capacity, in some contrast to earlier studies indicating that raindrop impact had little or no effect on slopes greater than about 10%.…”

Section: µ˙0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Watershed Infiltration and Erosion Parameters from Field Rainfall Simulation Analyses

Grismer

2016

Hydrology

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Realistic modeling of infiltration, runoff and erosion processes from watersheds requires estimation of the effective hydraulic conductivity (K m) of the hillslope soils and how it varies with soil tilth, depth and cover conditions. Field rainfall simulation (RS) plot studies provide an opportunity to assess the surface soil hydraulic and erodibility conditions, but a standardized interpretation and comparison of results of this kind from a wide variety of test conditions has been difficult. Here, we develop solutions to the combined set of time-to-ponding/runoff and Green-Ampt infiltration equations to determine K m values from RS test plot results and compare them to the simpler calculation of steady rain minus runoff rates. Relating soil detachment rates to stream power, we also examine the determination of "erodibility" as the ratio thereof. Using data from over 400 RS plot studies across the Lake Tahoe Basin area that employ a wide range of rain rates across a range of soil slopes and conditions, we find that the K m values can be determined from the combined infiltration equation for~80% of the plot data and that the laminar flow form of stream power best described a constant "erodibility" across a range of volcanic skirun soil conditions. Moreover, definition of stream power based on laminar flows obviates the need for assumption of an arbitrary Mannings "n" value and the restriction to mild slopes (<10%). The infiltration equation based K m values, though more variable, were on average equivalent to that determined from the simpler calculation of steady rain minus steady runoff rates from the RS plots. However, these K m values were much smaller than those determined from other field test methods. Finally, we compare RS plot results from use of different rainfall simulators in the basin and demonstrate that despite the varying configurations and rain intensities, similar erodibilities were determined across a range of infiltration and runoff rates using the laminar form of the stream power equation.

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The Roles of Rainfall and Runoff in the Sediment Transport Capacity of Interrill Flow

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

Exploring the relationship between soil erosion and hydraulic parameters on slopes with clipped herbaceous vegetation through Bayesian network modeling

Exploring the relationship between soil erosion and hydraulic parameters on slopes with clipped herbaceous vegetation through Bayesian network modeling

Dynamics of run‐off hydraulic characteristics during gully headcut erosion driven by head height

Determination of Watershed Infiltration and Erosion Parameters from Field Rainfall Simulation Analyses

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