The Roles of T cells in Bladder Pathologies

Wu, Jianxuan; Abraham, Soman N.

doi:10.1016/j.it.2021.01.003

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…T cells are indispensable immune cells in the immune system, and ERS occurring in bladder cancer has been shown to modulate T-cell-mediated cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and sensitivity to immunotherapy (Chugh et al, 2013;Pommier et al, 2018;Tao et al, 2018). Studies have found that T cells playing various roles are recruited into the bladder cancer TME during disease, including pro-inflammatory T cells (which may be beneficial to the body) and anti-inflammatory T cells (which may be detrimental; Oh et al, 2020;Wu and Abraham, 2021). Thus, regulating T-cell infiltration may be a promising therapeutic strategy to target bladder cancer.…”

Section: Tumor-associated Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Tumor Microenvironment in Bladder Cancer: The Missing Link

Nie

Chen

Wen

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Despite recent advances in treatments such as local or systemic immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the high metastasis and recurrence rates, especially in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), have led to the evaluation of more targeted and personalized approaches. A fundamental understanding of the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer along with the development of therapeutics to target processes and pathways implicated in bladder cancer has provided new avenues for the management of this disease. Accumulating evidence supports that the tumor microenvironment (TME) can be shaped by and reciprocally act on tumor cells, which reprograms and regulates tumor development, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. A hostile TME, caused by intrinsic tumor attributes (e.g., hypoxia, oxidative stress, and nutrient deprivation) or external stressors (e.g., chemotherapy and radiation), disrupts the normal synthesis and folding process of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), culminating in a harmful situation called ER stress (ERS). ERS is a series of adaptive changes mediated by unfolded protein response (UPR), which is interwoven into a network that can ultimately mediate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy, thereby endowing tumor cells with more aggressive behaviors. Moreover, recent studies revealed that ERS could also impede the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment including immunotherapy by manipulating the TME. In this review, we discuss the relationship among bladder cancer, ERS, and TME; summarize the current research progress and challenges in overcoming therapeutic resistance; and explore the concept of targeting ERS to improve bladder cancer treatment outcomes.

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Section: Tumor-associated Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Tumor Microenvironment in Bladder Cancer: The Missing Link

Nie

Chen

Wen

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…the infected mouse bladder (92)(93)(94)(95). The adaptive immune response is thought to be ineffective in eradicating bacteria during bladder infections in humans, and it does not prevent recurrent infections (92,(96)(97)(98)(99). A recent study has shown that a subtype of CD4 þ T cells (type 2) that are activated and recruited into the bladder following infection are relevant for tissue repair but are markedly deficient in bacterial clearance properties, suggesting that lymphocytes may be involved in the repair of the urothelium during UTI (97).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bladder infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli increases the excitability of afferent neurons

Montalbetti

Dalghi

Bastacky

et al. 2022

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause bladder hyperactivity and pelvic pain, but the underlying causes of these symptoms remain unknown. We investigated whether afferent sensitization contributes to the bladder overactivity and pain observed in mice suffering from experimentally induced bacterial cystitis. Inoculation of mouse bladders with the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 caused pelvic allodynia, increased voiding frequency, and prompted an acute inflammatory process marked by leukocytic infiltration and edema of the mucosa. Compared to controls, isolated bladder sensory neurons from UTI-treated mice exhibited a depolarized resting membrane potential, lower action potential threshold and rheobase, and increased firing in response to suprathreshold stimulation. To determine whether bacterial virulence factors can contribute to the sensitization of bladder afferents, neurons isolated from naïve mice were incubated with supernatants collected from bacterial cultures with or depleted of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Supernatants containing LPS prompted the sensitization of bladder sensory neurons with both TTX-R and TTX-S action potentials. However, bladder sensory neurons with TTX-S action potentials were not affected by bacterial supernatants depleted of LPS. Unexpectedly, ultrapure LPS increased the excitability only of bladder sensory neurons with TTX-R action potentials, but the supplementation of supernatants depleted of LPS with ultrapure LPS resulted in the sensitization of both population of bladder sensory neurons. In summary, our studies indicate that multiple virulence factors released from UTI89 act on bladder sensory neurons to prompt their sensitization. These sensitized bladder sensory neurons mediate, at least in part, the bladder hyperactivity and pelvic pain seen in mice inoculated with UTI89.

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“…23 Studies have suggested that immune cells play a critical role in bladder cancer development. 24 NLRP3 inflammasome works in innate immune response and affects many diseases, involving metabolic, cardiovascular, renal, and neurodegenerative diseases. 25 NLR can be activated by cellular stress and tissue injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between inflammasome‐related gene NLRP3 Polymorphisms (rs10754558 and rs35829419) and risk of bladder cancer in a Chinese population

Huang

Xia

et al. 2021

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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The Roles of T cells in Bladder Pathologies

Cited by 15 publications

References 91 publications

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Tumor Microenvironment in Bladder Cancer: The Missing Link

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Tumor Microenvironment in Bladder Cancer: The Missing Link

Bladder infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli increases the excitability of afferent neurons

Associations between inflammasome‐related gene NLRP3 Polymorphisms (rs10754558 and rs35829419) and risk of bladder cancer in a Chinese population

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