The Rotavirus Vaccine Landscape, an Update

Cárcamo-Calvo, Roberto; Muñoz, Carlos; Buesa, Javier; Rodrı́guez-Dı́az, Jesús; Gozalbo-Rovira, Roberto

doi:10.3390/pathogens10050520

Cited by 31 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Cumulative vaccine take was measured, defined as seroconversion and/or vaccine strain shedding after any of the three doses given, which might influence interpretation of the results (Table 1); and more studies, including measuring after one dose to limit the influence of natural early infections, are needed. Moreover, studies on secretor status and susceptibility to other globally or locally licensed vaccines and vaccine candidates, several of other P-genotypes, such as Rotavac (G9P [11]), Rotavin-M1 (G1P [8]), Lanzhou (G10P [12]) RV3-BB (G3P [6]), and Rotasiil (a combination of human G genotypes and a bovine strain of P-genotype P [5]), are lacking [25,26].…”

Section: Secretor Status and Susceptibility To The Live Rotavirus Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Infant and Maternal Secretor Status on Rotavirus Vaccine Take—An Overview

Sharma

Nordgren

2021

Viruses

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Histo-blood group antigens, which are present on gut epithelial surfaces, function as receptors or attachment factors and mediate susceptibility to rotavirus infection. The major determinant for susceptibility is a functional FUT2 enzyme which mediates the presence of α-1,2 fucosylated blood group antigens in mucosa and secretions, yielding the secretor-positive phenotype. Secretors are more susceptible to infection with predominant rotavirus genotypes, as well as to the commonly used live rotavirus vaccines. Difference in susceptibility to the vaccines is one proposed factor for the varying degree of efficacy observed between countries. Besides infection susceptibility, secretor status has been found to modulate rotavirus specific antibody levels in adults, as well as composition of breastmilk in mothers and microbiota of the infant, which are other proposed factors affecting rotavirus vaccine take. Here, the known and possible effects of secretor status in both infant and mother on rotavirus vaccine take are reviewed and discussed.

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Section: Secretor Status and Susceptibility To The Live Rotavirus Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Infant and Maternal Secretor Status on Rotavirus Vaccine Take—An Overview

Sharma

Nordgren

2021

Viruses

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“…Moreover, other factors such as differences in gut microbiome and human leukocyte antigen groups may play a role in reducing rotavirus vaccine efficacy in low-income countries [ 12 ]. There are currently four globally licensed live attenuated vaccines to be administered orally: Rotarix (a monovalent vaccine against the G1P antigen) and RotaTeq (a pentavalent vaccine against the proteins of G1, G2, G3, G4, and P serotypes) prevent about 82% and 60% of severe diarrhoea cases caused by rotavirus in developed and developing countries respectively [ 12 , 13 ]. Rotavac (a monovalent vaccine against G9P antigen) and Rotasiil (a lyophilized pentavalent vaccine against proteins of G1, G2, G3, G4, and G9 serotypes) are most administered in Asia with similar results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rotavac (a monovalent vaccine against G9P antigen) and Rotasiil (a lyophilized pentavalent vaccine against proteins of G1, G2, G3, G4, and G9 serotypes) are most administered in Asia with similar results. As a whole, all the four vaccines are considered as highly effective in preventing severe rotavirus AGE [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolving epidemiology of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in Italy

Stanyevic

Sepich

Biondi³

et al. 2021

Eur J Pediatr

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Few data are available on the prevalence and features of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in hospitalized children in Italy, where specific rotavirus vaccines were introduced into the national vaccination plan in 2017. To evaluate vaccination effects on AGE epidemiology, we analysed data from children aged ≤ 18 years admitted for AGE at the University Hospital of Pisa in 2019, comparing them with those recorded in 2012. Demographical, clinical, diagnostic, and treatment data were collected reviewing medical records and were therefore compared. In 2019 and 2012, 86 (median age 2.5 years [IQR 1.4–5.9]) and 85 children (median age 2.3 years [IQR 1.3–5.1]) were respectively admitted with AGE. The most common symptoms were diarrhoea and vomiting; decreased skin turgor was more frequent in 2019 (54% and 34% respectively, p = 0.01). Viral infections were more common than bacterial ones; in 2019, a decrease in rotavirus infections (67% and 22%, p = 0.003) and an increase in adenovirus infections (50% and 10%, p = 0.002) and in the number of patients with negative stool testing (58% and 39%, p = 0.04) were found.Conclusions: Viral infections are the leading cause of AGE in hospitalized children in Italy. The introduction of rotavirus vaccines did not reduce the number of hospitalizations per year. Adenovirus and other non-routinely screened viruses may be undergoing a selection process making them common causative agents for AGE. What is Known:• Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide, especially < 5 years of age.• The introduction of specific vaccines may be changing its epidemiology.• Few data are available on acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in Italy. What is New:• Viral infections are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in Italy.• Specific vaccines are reducing rotavirus infections, but adenovirus and other non-routinely screened viruses may be undergoing a selection process making them common causative agents for gastroenteritis.

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“…RotaTeq (G1-4/P [8]) and Rotasiil (G1-4 and G9) contain reassortant strains with a bovine rotavirus backbone and VP4 and VP7 from human origin, based on the concept of genotype-specific protection. In contrast, Rotarix (G1P [8]) and Rotavac (G9P [11]) consist of attenuated human RV strains and are based on the concept that one genotype induces heterotypic protection [102].…”

Section: Impact Of Rotavirus Vaccination On Disease Burden In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Humoral Immunity Following Natural Infection of Children with High Burden Gastrointestinal Viruses

Zweigart

Becker‐Dreps

Bucardo

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, resulting in an estimated 440,571 deaths of children under age 5 annually. Rotavirus, norovirus, and sapovirus are leading causes of childhood AGE. A successful rotavirus vaccine has reduced rotavirus hospitalizations by more than 50%. Using rotavirus as a guide, elucidating the determinants, breath, and duration of serological antibody immunity to AGE viruses, as well as host genetic factors that define susceptibility is essential for informing development of future vaccines and improving current vaccine candidates. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of disease burden and serological antibody immunity following natural infection to inform further vaccine development for these three high-burden viruses.

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The Rotavirus Vaccine Landscape, an Update

Cited by 31 publications

References 109 publications

Effect of Infant and Maternal Secretor Status on Rotavirus Vaccine Take—An Overview

Effect of Infant and Maternal Secretor Status on Rotavirus Vaccine Take—An Overview

The evolving epidemiology of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in Italy

Serological Humoral Immunity Following Natural Infection of Children with High Burden Gastrointestinal Viruses

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