The three papers in this special issue examine the role of agriculture in the spread of language families in prehistoric East Asia. The articles take the 'farming/language dispersal hypothesis' of Bellwood and Renfrew (2002, inter alia) as a point of departure but analyze language family expansions as part of a longterm process. The first paper, by Stevens and Fuller, builds on earlier work by the same authors arguing that plant domestication occurs over prolonged periods of time comprising several millennia (Fuller et al., 2014). This means that, although demographic growth remains the primary cause behind the expansion of agricultural societies and their languages, we also need to look carefully at exactly when such population growth occurred in any archaeological sequence. Stevens and Fuller discuss the complex climatic, geographical and historical factors at work in the initially very different millet and rice farming systems of north China, and argue that those factors can help explain a great deal about subsequent language family dispersals across East and Southeast Asia.