The S/Z ratio: A simple and reliable clinical method of evaluating laryngeal function in patients after intubation

Meer, Graeme van der; Ferreira, Yolandi; Loock, James

doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2009.11.009

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Of these, 9 studies from 5 countries were accepted with the focus on laryngeal injury from oral endotracheal intubation in mechanically ventilated ICU patients (Figure 1). These 9 studies comprised 7 cohort studies (663 patients) [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] and 2 crosssectional studies (112 patients), 40,41 totaling 775 patients (Table 1).…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laryngeal Injury and Upper Airway Symptoms After Oral Endotracheal Intubation With Mechanical Ventilation During Critical Care: A Systematic Review*

Brodsky

Levy

Jedlanek

et al. 2018

Critical Care Medicine

232

216

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Laryngeal injury from intubation is common in the ICU setting. Guidelines for laryngeal assessment and postextubation surveillance do not exist. A systematic approach to more robust investigations could increase knowledge of the association between particular injuries and corresponding functional impairments, improving understanding of both time course and prognosis for resolution of injury. Our findings identify targets for future research and highlight the long-known, but understudied, clinical outcomes from endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation in ICU.

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Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laryngeal Injury and Upper Airway Symptoms After Oral Endotracheal Intubation With Mechanical Ventilation During Critical Care: A Systematic Review*

Brodsky

Levy

Jedlanek

et al. 2018

Critical Care Medicine

232

216

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“…The s/z ratio is obtained by dividing the MPT of the phoneme /s/ by /z/ and is widely used in the literature 1,5,6 . In the ė/e ratio, the collection of the MPT/ė/ permits checking how the individual controls the progressive air output exclusively through the respiratory support.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To collect the MPT, subjects were instructed to remain in standing position, inhale deeply through your nose and hold emissions in loudness and usual pitch three times, until the end of expiration without entering the expiratory reserve air, considering in this study, the highest value of support obtained 1,3,6,9,11,13,14,18,[21][22][23][24][25] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two relations between sustained emissions have been used in the evaluation of voice, the s/z and the ratio between voiced /e/ and voiceless /e/ (ė/e), with the objective of verifying the glottal efficiency and respiratory control. According to the literature, the time of sustained voiced emission should be the same as the voiceless, resulting in an equal ratio to one [2][3][4][5][6][7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relações entre /s/ e /z/ e entre /e/ e /e/ não vozeado ou áfono

et al. 2013

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OBJETIVO: correlacionar os tempos máximos de fonação (TMF) e as relações entre os fricativos /s/ e /z/ (s/z) e entre /e/ não vozeado e a vogal /e/ (ė/e) de mulheres sem afecções laríngeas. MÉTODO: participaram 60 mulheres com média de 21,56 anos de idade. Coletaram-se os TMF/ė/, /e/, /s/ e /z/ e calcularam-se a relação s/z e a relação ė/e, com padrão de normalidade para as relações de 0,8 a 1,2; para os TMF/s/ e /z/, entre 15,57 e 34,17s; para o TMF/ė/, entre 16 a 18s; e para o TMF/e/, entre 14,04 e 26,96s. Testes de Lilliefords, Spearmann, Binomial e Mann-Whitney com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: correlação positiva entre TMF/s/ e TMF/ė/, TMF/z/ e TMF/e/, TMF/s/ e TMF/z/, e TMF/ė/ e TMF/e/. Não houve correlação entre as relações s/z e ė/e, nem diferenças entre a relação ė/e, enquanto a relação s/z foi significantemente normal. TMF/ė/ e TMF/e/ significantemente diminuídos; TMF/s/ e TMF/z/ significantemente normais. TMF/ė/ significantemente menor do que TMF/s/; TMF/e/ significantemente menor do que TMF/z/. CONCLUSÃO: os fonemas /s/ e /z/ isolados e sua relação ficaram dentro da normalidade e as relações s/z e ė/e não apresentaram correlação. Os TMF/ė/ e TMF/e/ mostraram-se diminuídos em relação à normalidade. O TMF/ė/ foi menor do que TMF/s/ e o TMF/e/ foi menor do que TMF/z/, possivelmente devido ao modo articulatório dos fricativos ter aumentado o tempo de emissão, independentemente do controle do nível glótico e respiratório.

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“…The phoneme /ah/ is traditionally used in speech-based diagnosis, as a representative vowel sound [25]. The phoneme /z/ is a representative sonorous consonant for voiced (involving the vocal chords) sound [26,27].…”

Section: A Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Detection From Voice

Pinkas

Karny

Malachi

et al. 2020

IEEE Open J. Eng. Med. Biol.

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Automated voice-based detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could facilitate the screening for COVID19. A dataset of cellular phone recordings from 88 subjects was recently collected. The dataset included vocal utterances, speech and coughs that were self-recorded by the subjects in either hospitals or isolation sites. All subjects underwent nasopharyngeal swabbing at the time of recording and were labelled as SARS-CoV-2 positives or negative controls. The present study harnessed deep machine learning and speech processing to detect the SARS-CoV-2 positives. A threestage architecture was implemented. A self-supervised attention-based transformer generated embeddings from the audio inputs. Recurrent neural networks were used to produce specialized sub-models for the SARS-CoV-2 classification. An ensemble stacking fused the predictions of the sub-models. Pre-training, bootstrapping and regularization techniques were used to prevent overfitting. A recall of 78% and a probability of false alarm (PFA) of 41% were measured on a test set of 57 recording sessions. A leave-one-speaker-out cross validation on 292 recording sessions yielded a recall of 78% and a PFA of 30%. These preliminary results imply a feasibility for COVID19 screening using voice.

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The S/Z ratio: A simple and reliable clinical method of evaluating laryngeal function in patients after intubation

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Laryngeal Injury and Upper Airway Symptoms After Oral Endotracheal Intubation With Mechanical Ventilation During Critical Care: A Systematic Review*

Laryngeal Injury and Upper Airway Symptoms After Oral Endotracheal Intubation With Mechanical Ventilation During Critical Care: A Systematic Review*

Relações entre /s/ e /z/ e entre /e/ e /e/ não vozeado ou áfono

SARS-CoV-2 Detection From Voice

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