The Safety and Efficacy of Live Viral Vaccines in Patients With Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia

Abstract

Background: Live viral vaccines are generally contraindicated in patients with combined immunodeficiency including cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH); however, they may be tolerated in milder syndromes. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of live viral vaccines in patients with CHH. Methods: We analyzed hospital and immunization records of 104 patients with CHH and measured serum antibodies to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella zoster virus (VZV) in all patients who agreed to blood sampling (n = 50). We conducted a clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02383797) of live VZV vaccine on five subjects with CHH who lacked varicella history, had no clinical symptoms of immunodeficiency, and were seronegative for VZV; humoral and cellular immunologic responses were assessed post-immunization. Results: A large proportion of patients have been immunized with live viral vaccines, including measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) (n = 40, 38%) and VZV (n = 10, 10%) vaccines, with no serious adverse events. Of the 50 patients tested for antibodies, previous immunization has been documented with MMR (n = 22), rubella (n = 2) and measles (n = 1) vaccines. Patients with CHH demonstrated seropositivity rates of 96%/75%/91% to measles, mumps and rubella, respectively, measured at a medium of 24 years postimmunization. Clinical trial participants developed humoral and cellular responses to VZV vaccine. One trial participant developed post-immunization rash and knee swelling, both resolved without treatment.

SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis: a single-centre experience

“…As an RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2 has a high rate of mutations that occur during the multiplication cycle of the virus resulting in new viral strains. Therefore, the emergence of a new SARS-CoV-2 strain is conditioned by its ability to multiply and disseminate to susceptible organisms [ 17 ]. In order to limit the spread of the epidemic, emergency epidemiological measures (isolation, quarantine, restriction of movement and human contact) should be kept.…”

Proteomic analysis of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in response to an inactivated IBV + NDV poultry vaccine

“…In this study, bone marrow was isolated from eighteen-day-old NOVOgen Brown embryos (Verbeek Broederij, Zeewolde, The Netherlands) as described previously 15 . All methods were conducted in accordance with protocols approved by the Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology of the Utrecht University.…”

“…Frozen bone marrow cells were thawed and cultured in Costar 24-well plates (Corning, Corning B.V. Life Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) in 1 ml/well RPMI-1640 cell culture medium supplemented with 5% chicken serum and 50 U/ml of penicillin–streptomycin (all from Gibco) in the presence of 2 µl/ml recombinant GM-CSF at 41 °C, 5% CO 2 15 . Recombinant GM-CSF was produced using COS-7 cells transfected with pCI-neo (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA) expressing the relevant cytokine gene, a kind gift from P. Kaiser and L. Rothwell (Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK).…”

“…Stimulation with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was included in this study as a strong stimulator of innate immune cells to validate the methodology used. Previous studies have shown that LPS stimulates maturation of chicken DCs, including increased surface expression of MHC class II molecules and costimulatory molecules 14 – 19 , decreased endocytosis and phagocytosis 14 , 15 , increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cytokines that promote the differentiation of naïve helper T cells 14 , 17 , 19 , and an increased capacity to stimulate naïve T cells 14 , 15 , 18 . The primary aim of this study was to search for biomarkers of vaccine-stimulated DCs to use as targets for in vitro cell-based quality assessment of an inactivated IBV + NDV poultry vaccine.…”

“…Both infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and NDV cause respiratory tract infections that can disseminate to other tissues, leading to reduced egg production and mortality in chickens 12 , 13 . In this study, primary chicken bone marrow-derived DCs (chBMDCs), which have been characterized in previous studies 14 , 15 , were stimulated with a commercially available inactivated poultry vaccine against IBV and NDV in a mineral oil adjuvant in a water-in-oil formulation, and analyzed by LC–MS/MS to evaluate changes in the proteome In addition, chBDMCs were stimulated with inactivated IBV antigens only to discriminate between the effects of a single inactivated antigen and a vaccine. Stimulation with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was included in this study as a strong stimulator of innate immune cells to validate the methodology used.…”