THE SALIVARY SYRINGE OF THE LEAFHOPPER <i>MACROSTELES FASCIFRONS</i> (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) AND THE OCCURRENCE OF MYCOPLASMA-LIKE ORGANISMS IN ITS DUCTS

Raine, J.; Forbes, A. R.

doi:10.4039/ent103110-1

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The VP is a hollow, conical structure with a large muscle bundle connected to the centre of the concavity (Fig. 1l, m ), an arrangement noted in other hemipterans to resemble a piston 25 , 26 : muscle contraction will fill the pump cavity, while relaxation of the bundle will cause expulsion of the venom through the venom channel (VC) that extends through the ventral part of the proboscis and ultimately into the stylet tips. We did not observe a ‘complex valve’ as exists at the junction of the VP and VC in giant water bugs (Belostomatidae) 27 , suggesting its absence in reduviids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assassin bug Pristhesancus plagipennis produces two distinct venoms in separate gland lumens

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The assassin bug venom system plays diverse roles in prey capture, defence and extra-oral digestion, but it is poorly characterised, partly due to its anatomical complexity. Here we demonstrate that this complexity results from numerous adaptations that enable assassin bugs to modulate the composition of their venom in a context-dependent manner. Gland reconstructions from multimodal imaging reveal three distinct venom gland lumens: the anterior main gland (AMG); posterior main gland (PMG); and accessory gland (AG). Transcriptomic and proteomic experiments demonstrate that the AMG and PMG produce and accumulate distinct sets of venom proteins and peptides. PMG venom, which can be elicited by electrostimulation, potently paralyses and kills prey insects. In contrast, AMG venom elicited by harassment does not paralyse prey insects, suggesting a defensive role. Our data suggest that assassin bugs produce offensive and defensive venoms in anatomically distinct glands, an evolutionary adaptation that, to our knowledge, has not been described for any other venomous animal.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assassin bug Pristhesancus plagipennis produces two distinct venoms in separate gland lumens

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Semiopaque material, interpreted as putative salivary secretions, was observed in the lumen of some ACP salivary ducts ( Figure 4C , asterisks). Salivary secretions probably move from the salivary ducts to the salivary canal in the maxillary stylets, using a special organ: the salivary pump or syringe, previously reported in leafhoppers, aphids and psyllids [ 22 24 33 34 ]. This pump/syringe usually has a cuticular piston-like structure, an afferent duct connected to the common salivary duct, and an ejaculatory (or efferent) duct that injects saliva into the salivary canal inside the maxillary stylets [ 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of the salivary glands, alimentary canal and bacteria-like organisms in the Asian citrus psyllid, vector of citrus huanglongbing disease bacteria

Ammar

Hall

Shatters

2017

J Microsc Ultrastruct

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri, Hemiptera: Liviidae) is the principal vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the putative bacterial agent of citrus greening/huanglongbing (HLB); currently the most serious citrus disease worldwide. Las is transmitted in a persistent–propagative manner by ACP, and the salivary glands and midgut have been suggested as transmission barriers that can impede translocation of Las within the vector. However, no detailed ultrastructural studies have been reported on these organs in this or other psyllid species, although some bacterium-like structures have been described in them and assumed to be the causal agents of HLB. In this study, we describe the ultrastructure of the salivary glands, filter chamber, other parts of the alimentary canal, and other organs and tissues of ACP including the compound ganglionic mass (in the thorax) and the bacteriome (in the abdomen). Furthermore, in addition to two ultrastructurally apparently different symbiotic bacteria found in the bacteriome, other morphological types of bacteria were found in the gut epithelial cells and salivary glands of both Las-infected (quantitative polymerase chain reaction positive) and noninfected (quantitative polymerase chain reaction negative) ACP. These results show the importance of immunolabeling, fluorescence in situ hybridization, or other labeling techniques that must be used before identifying any bacterium-like structures in ACP or other vectors as Las or other possible agents of HLB. This ultrastructural investigation should help future work on the cellular and subcellular aspects of pathogen–psyllid relationships, including the study of receptors, binding sites, and transmission barriers of Las and other pathogens within their psyllid vectors.

show abstract

“…The merging of ducts provides some mixing, and, if the salivary pump (Fig. 2Bk), with its chambered piston, valve, and controlling muscles, functions as has been interpreted (Raine and Forbes 1971), it would be the site for the most thorough mixing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ultrastructural Studies of the Salivary Duct System in the Whitefly VectorBemisia tabaci(Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera)

Cicero

Brown

2012

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) transmits plant viruses of the genus Begomovirus in a circulative manner, and once acquired, virus particles persist and are transmissible for the life of the vector. Saliva is generated by primary and accessory salivary gland cells of the paired, bilaterally symmetrical salivary gland system. It travels from secretory cells, through the internal ductules, to the external ducts, which in turn carry it to the oral region where the so-called salivary pump and the stylets occur. The ducts of either side consist of at least four components—two gland ducts, one lateral duct, and one postmedial duct. Gland ducts start, respectively, at the hilum of each gland, and extend independently of each other before fusing together by their basal laminae to become the biluminal lateral duct. The biluminal lateral duct merges into the uniluminal postmedial duct. The lateral and postmedial ducts make intimate contact with muscles in its area, including one involved in governing the retractable labial shaft. The labium consists of external and internal halves. During retraction/protraction, the latter half moves through the second intercommissural space. The postmedial ducts track anteriorly around either side of it, and fuse together at the body's midline to form the biluminal medial duct. This duct drains into the salivary pump. The retortiform organs are involved in stylet regeneration. Maxillary stylets have grooves and ridges that interlock to form the salivary and food canals. In developmental terms, the salivary canal results from failure of one ridge to fill its corresponding groove.

show abstract

THE SALIVARY SYRINGE OF THE LEAFHOPPER MACROSTELES FASCIFRONS (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) AND THE OCCURRENCE OF MYCOPLASMA-LIKE ORGANISMS IN ITS DUCTS

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

The assassin bug Pristhesancus plagipennis produces two distinct venoms in separate gland lumens

The assassin bug Pristhesancus plagipennis produces two distinct venoms in separate gland lumens

Ultrastructure of the salivary glands, alimentary canal and bacteria-like organisms in the Asian citrus psyllid, vector of citrus huanglongbing disease bacteria

Ultrastructural Studies of the Salivary Duct System in the Whitefly VectorBemisia tabaci(Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About