The Sampling and Caching Subsystem (SCS) for the Scientific Exploration of Jezero Crater by the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover

Moeller, R.; Jandura, Louise; Rosette, Keith; Robinson, M.; Samuels, Jessica; Silverman, Milo; Brown, Kyle; Duffy, Elizabeth; Yazzie, Aaron; Jens, Elizabeth T.; Brockie, Iona; White, Lauren M.; Goreva, Y. S.; Zorn, Torsten; Okon, Avi; Lin, Justin Yifu; Frost, Matthew; Collins, Curtis; Williams, Jeffrey B.; Steltzner, Adam; Chen, Fei; Biesiadecki, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1007/s11214-020-00783-7

Cited by 88 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Unlike arm mounted instruments on MSL, instrument specific contact sensors were descoped from the Perseverance design and replaced with a facility contact sensor mounted to the rear of the turret feed structure (Moeller et al 2021). The purpose of the facility contact sensor is to provide direct measurements relative to the rover coordinate system for accurate placement of the turret tools and instruments, including SHERLOC, along the axis of approach of turret instrumentation.…”

Section: Ground Sensing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The STA is mounted on the turret at the end of the robotic arm with PIXL, the corer, the gas Dust Removal Tool (gDRT), and the facility contact sensor (Moeller et al 2021). The robotic arm environment is much more severe than that inside internal the rover.…”

Section: Hardware Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…62). The gDRT is then employed to blow the resulting abrasion cuttings (dust) out of the abraded patch, clearing an area approximately 45 mm in diameter for SHERLOC and PIXL proximity science observations (Moeller et al 2021).…”

Section: Spectroscopic Scansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perseverance’s Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) Investigation

Bhartia¹,

Beegle²,

DeFlores³

et al. 2021

Space Sci Rev

136

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The Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) is a robotic arm-mounted instrument on NASA’s Perseverance rover. SHERLOC has two primary boresights. The Spectroscopy boresight generates spatially resolved chemical maps using fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy coupled to microscopic images (10.1 μm/pixel). The second boresight is a Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering (WATSON); a copy of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) that obtains color images from microscopic scales (∼13 μm/pixel) to infinity. SHERLOC Spectroscopy focuses a 40 μs pulsed deep UV neon-copper laser (248.6 nm), to a ∼100 μm spot on a target at a working distance of ∼48 mm. Fluorescence emissions from organics, and Raman scattered photons from organics and minerals, are spectrally resolved with a single diffractive grating spectrograph with a spectral range of 250 to ∼370 nm. Because the fluorescence and Raman regions are naturally separated with deep UV excitation (<250 nm), the Raman region ∼ 800 – 4000 cm−1 (250 to 273 nm) and the fluorescence region (274 to ∼370 nm) are acquired simultaneously without time gating or additional mechanisms. SHERLOC science begins by using an Autofocus Context Imager (ACI) to obtain target focus and acquire 10.1 μm/pixel greyscale images. Chemical maps of organic and mineral signatures are acquired by the orchestration of an internal scanning mirror that moves the focused laser spot across discrete points on the target surface where spectra are captured on the spectrometer detector. ACI images and chemical maps (< 100 μm/mapping pixel) will enable the first Mars in situ view of the spatial distribution and interaction between organics, minerals, and chemicals important to the assessment of potential biogenicity (containing CHNOPS). Single robotic arm placement chemical maps can cover areas up to 7x7 mm in area and, with the < 10 min acquisition time per map, larger mosaics are possible with arm movements. This microscopic view of the organic geochemistry of a target at the Perseverance field site, when combined with the other instruments, such as Mastcam-Z, PIXL, and SuperCam, will enable unprecedented analysis of geological materials for both scientific research and determination of which samples to collect and cache for Mars sample return.

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Section: Ground Sensing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hardware Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perseverance’s Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) Investigation

Bhartia¹,

Beegle²,

DeFlores³

et al. 2021

Space Sci Rev

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On Mars Perseverance there are 43 sample tubes, each roughly 14 centimeters long and 2 centimeters across (Moeller et al, 2021) (Figure 1). M2020 will carry enough supplies to fill and seal 38 sample tubes, the remaining five are pre-configured blanks (Moeller et al, 2021). The Orbiting Sample container (OS) can hold 30 tubes (based on current designs) and that includes both natural samples and blanks.…”

Section: Sample Tubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Planning for Mars Sample Return (MSR) Curation Activities in a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF)

et al. 2022

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“…Current technology allows drilling to relatively shallow depths on Mars: 5 cm for Curiosity (Okon, 2010), 7.6 cm for Perseverance (Moeller et al, 2021), and up to 2 m for the developed Rosalind Franklin rover (Vago et al, 2015). While Rosalind Franklin will uncover samples that have been more shielded from GCRs than Curiosity and Perseverance, cosmic rays may still impact the preservation of organic biosignatures recovered at the depth this mission will drill.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic biosignature transformation under simulated martian radiation in organic-rich sedimentary rocks

Roussel

McAdam

Graham

et al. 2022

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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As we look for traces of ancient life on Mars, we need to consider the impact of ionizing radiation in the biosignature preservation process. Here, we irradiated two organic rich terrestrial samples (Enspel and Messel shales) that have Martian analog mineralogies, with simulated cosmic rays to a dose of 0.9 MGy, equivalent of 15 million years of radiation exposure on the Martian surface. We compared a range of biosignatures before and after exposure, including total organic carbon, bulk stable carbon isotope ratios, diagnostic lipid biomarkers (hopanes and steranes), and Raman signatures akin to those collected by the Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) instrument on Perseverance. While we did not observe a significant difference in total organic carbon, bulk stable carbon isotopes, or Raman G-band signatures, we found that five lipid biomarkers decreased by a factor of two to three in the Enspel shale. This degree of degradation exceeds current predictions by existing models or experimental studies in organic rich samples and challenges our current understanding of complex biosignatures under ionizing irradiation.

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The Sampling and Caching Subsystem (SCS) for the Scientific Exploration of Jezero Crater by the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover

Cited by 88 publications

References 4 publications

Perseverance’s Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) Investigation

Perseverance’s Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) Investigation

Preliminary Planning for Mars Sample Return (MSR) Curation Activities in a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF)

Diagnostic biosignature transformation under simulated martian radiation in organic-rich sedimentary rocks

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