The Sanga Cattle of East Africa

Epstein, H.

doi:10.1080/03670074.1957.11665093

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Despite recent evidence for possible presence of an African centre of domestication ( Grigson 1991; Bradley et al . 1996 ), the common view in the literature is that the African cattle populations arose from three main phases of introduction from Asia, through the Nile Valley in Egypt, or via the Horn of Africa ( Epstein 1957). Subsequent migrations led to dense populations of cattle in the East African highlands, around present‐day Ethiopia and neighbouring areas ( Payne 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since their arrival in Africa, extensive crossbreeding has evidently occurred between zebu and taurine cattle populations ( Payne 1964). For example, the sanga breeds of east and southern Africa are classified as B. taurus × B. indicus crossbreeds on the basis of the situation or size of hump, the horn size, the cranial or body conformation ( Epstein 1957, 1971; Manwell & Baker 1980). In some areas, B. indicus have been steadily and nearly completely replacing B. taurus populations ( Payne 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic distribution and frequency of a taurine Bos taurus and an indicine Bos indicus Y specific allele amongst sub‐Saharan African cattle breeds

et al. 2000

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We report for the first time, and for the whole of sub-Saharan Africa, the geographical distribution and the frequency of an indicine and a taurine Y specific allele amongst African cattle breeds. A total of 984 males from 69 indigenous African populations from 22 countries were analysed at the microsatellite locus INRA 124. The taurine allele is probably the oldest one on the continent. However, the taurine and the indicine alleles were present in 291 males (30%), and 693 males (70%), respectively. More particularly, 96% of zebu males (n = 470), 50% of taurine males (n = 263), 29% of sanga males (crossbreed Bos taurus x Bos indicus, n = 263) and 95% of zebu x sanga crossbred males (n = 56) had the indicine allele. The Borgou, a breed classified as zebu x taurine cross showed only the zebu allele (n = 12). The indicine allele dominates today in the Abyssinian region, a large part of the Lake Victoria region and the sahelian belt of West Africa. All the sanga males (n = 64) but only one from the Abyssinian region had the indicine allele. The taurine allele is the commonest only among the sanga breeds of the southern African region and the trypanotolerant taurine breeds of West Africa. In West Africa and in the southern Africa regions, zones of introgression were detected with breeds showing both Y chromosome alleles. Our data also reveal a pattern of male zebu introgression in Mozambique and Zimbabwe, probably originating from the Mozambique coast. The sanga cattle from the Lake Victoria region and the Kuri cattle of Lake Chad, cattle populations surrounded by zebu breeds were, surprisingly, completely devoid of the indicine allele. Human migration, phenotypic preferences by the pastoralists, adaptation to specific habitats and to specific diseases are the main factors explaining the present-day distribution of the alleles in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic distribution and frequency of a taurine Bos taurus and an indicine Bos indicus Y specific allele amongst sub‐Saharan African cattle breeds

et al. 2000

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“…Earlier views maintained that African cattle were derived from three major introductions from Asia through the Nile Valley or via the Horn of Africa (Epstein, 1957). It was assumed that the first cattle breed introduced into Africa was the humpless Hamitic longhorn (taurine), which occurred around 6000 BC, and that the second was the humpless shorthorn between 2750 and 2500 BC (Epstein, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide genetic diversity, population structure and admixture analysis in African and Asian cattle breeds

Edea

Bhuiyan

Dessie³

et al. 2015

Animal

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Knowledge about genetic diversity and population structure is useful for designing effective strategies to improve the production, management and conservation of farm animal genetic resources. Here, we present a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of genetic diversity, population structure and admixture based on 244 animals sampled from 10 cattle populations in Asia and Africa and genotyped for 69 903 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mainly derived from the indicine breed. Principal component analysis, STRUCTURE and distance analysis from high-density SNP data clearly revealed that the largest genetic difference occurred between the two domestic lineages (taurine and indicine), whereas Ethiopian cattle populations represent a mosaic of the humped zebu and taurine. Estimation of the genetic influence of zebu and taurine revealed that Ethiopian cattle were characterized by considerable levels of introgression from South Asian zebu, whereas Bangladeshi populations shared very low taurine ancestry. The relationships among Ethiopian cattle populations reflect their history of origin and admixture rather than phenotype-based distinctions. The high within-individual genetic variability observed in Ethiopian cattle represents an untapped opportunity for adaptation to changing environments and for implementation of within-breed genetic improvement schemes. Our results provide a basis for future applications of genome-wide SNP data to exploit the unique genetic makeup of indigenous cattle breeds and to facilitate their improvement and conservation.

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“…À leur tour, les zébus ont été classés par Epstein (1933) et Curson (1936) en zébus vrais (d'origine asiatique) et en sangas, quelquefois appelés pseudo-zébus (d'origine africaine), le critère de distinction étant la position de la bosse : thoracothoracique pour le zébu vrai, cervico-thoracique pour le sanga. Des auteurs comme Epstein (1955Epstein ( , 1956Epstein ( , 1957 ou Payne (1964Payne ( , 1991 pensent, quant à eux, que le sanga proviendrait d'un croisement entre zébu et taurin.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Comparaison de populations de zébu malgache à l'aide des distances génétiques

Zafindrajaona¹,

Lauvergne²

1993

Genet Sel Evol

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-Au total, 1103 bovins malgaches des 2 sexes en provenance de 3 zones d'échantillonnage (nord-ouest, sud-ouest et centre) distantes en moyenne de 800 km ont été examinés pour les caractères visibles et 526 échantillons sanguins individuels ont été analysés. Il s'agissait de comparer le polymorphisme de gènes à effet visible, de gènes de groupes sanguins et de lactoprotéines dans 5 sous-populations représentatives de l'ensemble de l'île. Les résultats font tout d'abord apparaître une forte ressemblance entre les 2 grandes zones naisseuses (nord-ouest et sud-ouest) pour la variabilité génétique visible (indice de diversité de Nei = 0.40), ce qui implique que l'on est partout en présence d'une population traditionnelle. Les fréquences élevées du variant A au locus ka,vpa-Cn, de l'ordre de 0,70, du variant B au locus bêta-Lg, de l'ordre de 0,68 et la morphologie du chromosome Y (acrocentrique) confirment l'appartenance au type zébu vrai. Les distances génétiques calculées montrent que les 5 sous-populations considérées semblent être génétiquement proches. Cela confirme l'impression d'homogénéité qui se dégageait déjà d'une précédente étude de distances génétiques biométriques. zébu malgache / gène à effet visible / polymorphisme biochimique / distance génétique Summary-Comparison of Malagasy zebu populations using genetic distances. A total of 1 103 Malagasy cattle of both sexes from 3 sampling regions (northwest, southwest and centre) over a distance of 800 km have been examined for visible traits and 526 blood samples have been analyzed. The aim was to compare the polymorphism of genes with visible effect, blood group loci and lactoprotein loci for 5 subpopulations representative of the whole island. The results show that the 2 large zones of birth have very similar visible genetic variability (Nei's diversity index = 0.40) which indicates that everywhere the population is of traditional type. The high frequencies of the A variant (0.70) of the kappa-Cn locus, the B variant (0.68) of the beta-Lg locus as well as the morphology of the chromosome Y (acrocentric) confirm that this Zebu population is of the true Zebu type. The analysis shows that the 5 subpopulations seem to be genetically close. This confirms the homogeneity already described in a previous study of biometrical distances. malagasy zebu / gene with visible effect / biochemical polymorphism / genetic distance

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The Sanga Cattle of East Africa

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Geographic distribution and frequency of a taurine Bos taurus and an indicine Bos indicus Y specific allele amongst sub‐Saharan African cattle breeds

Geographic distribution and frequency of a taurine Bos taurus and an indicine Bos indicus Y specific allele amongst sub‐Saharan African cattle breeds

Genome-wide genetic diversity, population structure and admixture analysis in African and Asian cattle breeds

Comparaison de populations de zébu malgache à l'aide des distances génétiques

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