The Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORF): A Validation Study on Iranian Muslim Patients Undergoing Dialysis

Abstract

The Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORF) is an often used and validated scale that is uncommonly utilized in culturally diverse populations. The purpose of this research investigation was to adapt the SCSORF for use among Iranian Muslim patients undergoing dialysis and to examine the reliability and validity of the scale among this population. A total of 428 patients (228 females, 200 males, M age = 52.2 years, SD = 10) were selected from five dialysis center in Tehran and Qazvin, Iran. A comprehensive forward-backward translation system was used for cross-cultural translation. Patients completed a baseline questionnaire obtaining demographic and clinical information as well as the SCSORF, the Age Universal Religious Orientation Scale (AUROS), the religious life inventory (RLI), and the Duke University religion index (DUREL). 2 weeks later, patients were asked to complete the SCSORF once again. Reliability of the SCSORF was examined using internal consistency and test-rest reliability. Convergent validity and factor structure using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were also examined. Cronbach's α for the single construct of the SCSORF was 0.89 with adequate test-retest reliability measured over a 2 week period. SCSORF scores were significantly correlated with AUROS, RLI and the DUREL. The EFA generated a single factor solution for the SCSORF while these results were confirmed by the CFA in an independent sample. Findings demonstrated that the SCSORF has favorable reliability, convergent validity, and divergent validity among Iranian Muslim patients undergoing dialysis and is recommended for use by clinicians (e.g., nephrologists) to measure strength of religious faith among patients.

Strength of Religious Faith in Peruvian Adolescents and Adults: Psychometric Evidence from the Long and Short Version of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire in Spanish

“…The unidimensional structure of the original (10 items) and brief (5 items) version of the SCSRFQ in Spanish had an adequate fit, and all items loaded significantly on the latent factor religious faith strength, both in the total sample and in the gender and age subgroups. Therefore, the present study replicates previous findings reported in the literature (Akin et al 2015;Cummings et al 2015;Dianni et al 2014;Freiheit et al 2006;Koukounaras et al 2021;Lewis et al 2001;Pakpour et al 2014;Plante and Boccaccini 1997;Plante et al 1999;Plante et al 2002;Plante 2021;Sherman et al 1999;Sherman et al 2001;Wnuk 2017). Thus, each item would reflect only one latent construct and not another (Gefen 2003).…”

“…Several studies, in different cultural contexts, have shown that the SCSRFQ is a unidimensional measure of religious faith, with adequate reliability, that presents significant relationships with other variables such as religious life and orientation, intrinsic religious motivation, social provisions, social desirability, anxiety, emotional control, self-righteousness, optimism, spiritual experience, religious coping, negative and positive affect, religiosity and spirituality, spiritual well-being, depression and life satisfaction, among others (Akin et al 2015;Cummings et al 2015;Dianni et al 2014;Freiheit et al 2006; Koukounaras Liagkis and Ktenidis 2021; Lewis et al 2001;Pakpour et al 2014;Plante and Boccaccini 1997;Plante et al 1999;Sherman et al 1999;Sherman et al 2001;Wnuk 2017). Seeking to facilitate the use of the SCSRFQ in epidemiological research and the evaluation of patients with medical illnesses, a study conducted with samples of university students, women with cancer or cancer screening patients, and healthy women in a clinical setting developed a brief version consisting of items 2, 4, 5, 8, and 10 of the original questionnaire (SCSRFQ-SF;Plante et al 2002).…”

Validation of the Persian version of the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) in Pregnant Women: A Proper Tool to Assess Spirituality Related to Mental Health

“…When items are summed, higher scores indicate greater religious faith. The SCSORF has acceptable internal consistency and validity when used in Persian-speaking people (Pakpour et al 2014). …”

Religious observance and obsessive compulsive washing among Iranian women

“…The SCSF correlates highly with the original instrument from which it is derived (r=0.95), which has excellent reliability (Storch, Roberti, Bravata, et al, 2004). The Persian translation of the SCSF is also reliable (Cronbach's α= 0.88; Pakpour, Saffari, & Zeidi 2014). In the present sample reliability of the SCSF was excellent (Cronbach's α=0.99).…”