The scaffold-forming steps of plant alkaloid biosynthesis

Lichman, Benjamin R.

doi:10.1039/d0np00031k

Cited by 131 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 213 publications

(313 reference statements)

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“…In some alkaloids the nitrogen atom is introduced into a preformed nucleus (e.g., terpenoid alkaloids). These pathway relationships and the breadth and depth of the metabolic pool are being actively pursued [34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. As biologically significant metabolites, alkaloids are often highly potent, and in some instances exclusive in their mode of action and application [2].…”

Section: Background and Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaloids in Contemporary Drug Discovery to Meet Global Disease Needs

Daley¹,

Cordell

2021

Molecules

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An overview is presented of the well-established role of alkaloids in drug discovery, the application of more sustainable chemicals, and biological approaches, and the implementation of information systems to address the current challenges faced in meeting global disease needs. The necessity for a new international paradigm for natural product discovery and development for the treatment of multidrug resistant organisms, and rare and neglected tropical diseases in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Quintuple Helix is discussed.

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Section: Background and Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaloids in Contemporary Drug Discovery to Meet Global Disease Needs

Daley¹,

Cordell

2021

Molecules

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“…Besides engineering BIA pathways in heterogenous hosts, many enzymes (especially the C-C bond forming NCS and BBE) in the biosynthetic pathway could be engineered and evolved for the in vitro synthesis of novel THIQs. [247][248][249] NCS is wellknown for its broad scope for accepting different aldehydes to give THIQs. In 2017, Lichman et al discovered that the TfNCS from Thalictrum flavum catalysed the Pictet-Spengler reaction between dopamine and ketones, leading to novel chiral 1,1 0 -disubstituted and spiro-THIQs (Scheme 2B).…”

Section: Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in biocatalysis

et al. 2021

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“…In this category, alkaloids are grouped on the criteria of being biosynthesized from the same/similar biochemical precursors, which after going through certain chemical reactions gives rise to stable alkaloids ( Table 1 ). Tyrosine, tryptophan, ornithine, and lysine are amino acid precursors, which undergo enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions giving rise to tetrahydroisoquinoline, indole, pyrrolizidine, and piperidine alkaloids, respectively [ 42 ]. For example, L-aspartate acts as a precursor for the biosynthesis of pyridine- and pyridinone-type alkaloids.…”

Section: Classification Of Plant Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in Chemical Structures and Biological Properties of Plant Alkaloids

2021

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Phytochemicals belonging to the group of alkaloids are signature specialized metabolites endowed with countless biological activities. Plants are armored with these naturally produced nitrogenous compounds to combat numerous challenging environmental stress conditions. Traditional and modern healthcare systems have harnessed the potential of these organic compounds for the treatment of many ailments. Various chemical entities (functional groups) attached to the central moiety are responsible for their diverse range of biological properties. The development of the characterization of these plant metabolites and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis is of an utmost priority to deliver enhanced advantages in terms of biological properties and productivity. Further, the incorporation of whole/partial metabolic pathways in the heterologous system and/or the overexpression of biosynthetic steps in homologous systems have both become alternative and lucrative methods over chemical synthesis in recent times. Moreover, in-depth research on alkaloid biosynthetic pathways has revealed numerous chemical modifications that occur during alkaloidal conversions. These chemical reactions involve glycosylation, acylation, reduction, oxidation, and methylation steps, and they are usually responsible for conferring the biological activities possessed by alkaloids. In this review, we aim to discuss the alkaloidal group of plant specialized metabolites and their brief classification covering major categories. We also emphasize the diversity in the basic structures of plant alkaloids arising through enzymatically catalyzed structural modifications in certain plant species, as well as their emerging diverse biological activities. The role of alkaloids in plant defense and their mechanisms of action are also briefly discussed. Moreover, the commercial utilization of plant alkaloids in the marketplace displaying various applications has been enumerated.

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The scaffold-forming steps of plant alkaloid biosynthesis

Abstract: Plant alkaloids are central to both modern and traditional medicines. This review describes the progress made towards understanding the metabolic origins of these compounds, focussing on the common features of different biosynthetic pathways.

Cited by 131 publications

References 213 publications

Alkaloids in Contemporary Drug Discovery to Meet Global Disease Needs

Alkaloids in Contemporary Drug Discovery to Meet Global Disease Needs

Recent trends in biocatalysis

Diversity in Chemical Structures and Biological Properties of Plant Alkaloids

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