The Scaling of Genome Size and Cell Size Limits Maximum Rates of Photosynthesis with Implications for Ecological Strategies

Roddy, Adam B.; Théroux‐Rancourt, Guillaume; Abbo, Tito; Benedetti, Joseph W.; Brodersen, Craig R.; Castro, Mariana; Castro, Sílvia; Gilbride, Austin B.; Jensen, Brook; Jiang, Guo‐Feng; Perkins, John; Perkins, Sally D.; Loureiro, João; Syed, Zuhah; Thompson, R.; Kuebbing, Sara E.; Simonin, Kevin A.

doi:10.1086/706186

Cited by 119 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…In fact, we actually found a positive correlation between genome size and photosynthetic rate (Fig. 7), the opposite of what we would expect if genome size limited maximum photosynthetic rate per area as suggested in (Simonin and Roddy, 2018; Roddy et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Overall, we conclude that genome size and chromosome number are not strong drivers of ecophysiological evolution in Viburnum , and suspect that similar results will emerge in other lineages. As comparative analyses continue to increase in size and scope, patterns that emerge from these broadly sampled studies are often interpreted to be relevant at all scales, and often are referred to as the “major drivers” of evolution (Wright et al, 2004; Simonin and Roddy, 2018; Roddy et al, 2020). However, we have documented multiple cases in which global trait correlations do not hold up within individual smaller clades (Edwards, 2006; Edwards et al, 2014, 2015, 2017), and have highlighted the need to address the connection, or the lack of connection, across the different scales at which we engage with comparative data (Donoghue and Edwards, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary dynamics of genome size in a radiation of woody plants

Moeglein

Chatelet

Donoghue

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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PREMISE Plant genome size ranges widely, providing many opportunities to examine how genome size variation affects plant form and function. We analyzed trends in chromosome number, genome size, and leaf traits for the woody angiosperm clade Viburnum to examine the evolutionary associations, functional implications, and possible drivers of genome size. METHODS Chromosome counts and genome size estimates were mapped onto a Viburnum phylogeny to infer the location and frequency of polyploidization events and trends in genome size evolution. Genome size was analyzed with leaf anatomical and physiological data to evaluate the influence of genome size on plant function. RESULTS We discovered nine independent polyploidization events, two reductions in base chromosome number, and substantial variation in genome size with a slight trend toward genome size reduction in polyploids. We did not find strong relationships between genome size and the functional and morphological traits that have been highlighted at broader phylogenetic scales. CONCLUSIONS Polyploidization events were sometimes associated with rapid radiations, demonstrating that polyploid lineages can be highly successful. Relationships between genome size and plant physiological function observed at broad phylogenetic scales may be largely irrelevant to the evolutionary dynamics of genome size at smaller scales. The view that plants readily tolerate changes in ploidy and genome size, and often do so, appears to apply to Viburnum.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics of genome size in a radiation of woody plants

Moeglein

Chatelet

Donoghue

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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“…It seems reasonable to assume that microbial load is largely independent of plant genome size. This would mean that in maize, with a 2.5 Gb genome, almost 20× time more sequencing would be required than in A. thaliana with its 0.13 Gb genome, even though this is likely an overestimate, because plants with larger genomes tend to have larger cells [76], each of which could potentially support more microbial cells. Nevertheless, while the microbial load on other species remains to be investigated, this is yet another reason to use A. thaliana (or other species with relatively small genomes) for microbiome studies in ecological settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining whole-genome shotgun sequencing and rRNA gene amplicon analyses to improve detection of microbe–microbe interaction networks in plant leaves

et al. 2020

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Microorganisms from all domains of life establish associations with plants. Although some harm the plant, others antagonize pathogens or prime the plant immune system, support the acquisition of nutrients, tune plant hormone levels, or perform additional services. Most culture-independent plant microbiome research has focused on amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and/or the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rRNA genomic loci, which show the relative abundance of the microbes to each other. Here, we describe shotgun sequencing of 275 wild Arabidopsis thaliana leaf microbiomes from southwest Germany, with additional bacterial 16S and eukaryotic ITS1 rRNA amplicon data from 176 of these samples. Shotgun data, which unlike the amplicon data capture the ratio of microbe to plant DNA, enable scaling of microbial read abundances to reflect the microbial load on the host. In a more cost-effective hybrid strategy, we show they also allow a similar scaling of amplicon data to overcome compositionality problems. Our wild plants were dominated by bacterial sequences, with eukaryotes contributing only a minority of reads. Microbial membership showed weak associations with both site of origin and plant genotype, both of which were highly confounded in this dataset. There was large variation among microbiomes, with one extreme comprising samples of low complexity and a high load of microorganisms typical of infected plants, and the other extreme being samples of high complexity and a low microbial load. Critically, considering absolute microbial load led to fundamentally different conclusions about microbiome assembly and the interaction networks among major taxa.

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“…Following polyploidy events, functionally important genes, such as those allowing for rapid adaptation to environmental change, are often preferentially retained [54], promoting species diversification through ecological niche shifts [55,56]. There is a strong positive correlation between genome size and cell size [57][58][59][60][61], yet the relationship is not consistent in all cell types [62]. Increases in the cell size of polyploids compared to diploids has been observed [63][64][65], and endoreduplication within a single individual often yields larger cells [66][67][68][69][70].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increases in the cell size of polyploids compared to diploids has been observed [63][64][65], and endoreduplication within a single individual often yields larger cells [66][67][68][69][70]. Genome size has been shown to be a crucial component in determining the minimum size of the cell and represents the upper limit for cell packing densities, which is crucial for carbon assimilation and important in resource allocation for growth, reproduction, and defense [61,71].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Gene Expression with an Emphasis on Floral Organ Size Differences in Natural and Synthetic Polyploids of Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae)

Landis

Kurti

Lawhorn

et al. 2020

Genes

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Floral organ size, especially the size of the corolla, plays an important role in plant reproduction by facilitating pollination efficiency. Previous studies have outlined a hypothesized organ size pathway. However, the expression and function of many of the genes in the pathway have only been investigated in model diploid species; therefore, it is unknown how these genes interact in polyploid species. Although correlations between ploidy and cell size have been shown in many systems, it is unclear whether there is a difference in cell size between naturally occurring and synthetic polyploids. To address these questions comparing floral organ size and cell size across ploidy, we use natural and synthetic polyploids of Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae) as well as their known diploid progenitors. We employ a comparative transcriptomics approach to perform analyses of differential gene expression, focusing on candidate genes that may be involved in floral organ size, both across developmental stages and across accessions. We see differential expression of several known floral organ candidate genes including ARF2, BIG BROTHER, and GASA/GAST1. Results from linear models show that ploidy, cell width, and cell number positively influence corolla tube circumference; however, the effect of cell width varies by ploidy, and diploids have a significantly steeper slope than both natural and synthetic polyploids. These results demonstrate that polyploids have wider cells and that polyploidy significantly increases corolla tube circumference.

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The Scaling of Genome Size and Cell Size Limits Maximum Rates of Photosynthesis with Implications for Ecological Strategies

Cited by 119 publications

References 115 publications

Evolutionary dynamics of genome size in a radiation of woody plants

Evolutionary dynamics of genome size in a radiation of woody plants

Combining whole-genome shotgun sequencing and rRNA gene amplicon analyses to improve detection of microbe–microbe interaction networks in plant leaves

Differential Gene Expression with an Emphasis on Floral Organ Size Differences in Natural and Synthetic Polyploids of Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae)

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