The ScanMars Subsurface Radar Sounding Experiment on AMADEE-18

Frigeri, Alessandro; Ercoli, Maurizio

doi:10.1089/ast.2019.2037

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…The chirp rate c r is defined as c r = ( f 1 − f 0 )/T sw , where f 1 is the stop frequency, and T sw is the sweep time of the periodic up-chirp signal being transmitted. In the TDMA mode, both transmitters operate in different time slots but use the same waveform as in (12). The time slots for the ith transmitter are defined as (2n + i − 1)T sw ≤ t < (2n + i)T sw for n = 0, 1, .…”

Section: Radar System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventionally, radar systems were limited to official or governmental entities, but now their smaller form factor, lower cost, higher precision, and easier handling have led to more general utilization. Conventional applications of radars have been aerial [1] and terrestrial [2] traffic control, missile and aerial defense [3], altimetry [4], naval surveillance [5], weather surveillance [6], and astronomy [7], whereas the contemporary radar systems have also been employed in modern medicine [8], autonomous vehicles [9][10][11], geology [12], building security, human activity recognition systems [13][14][15][16], and even in consumer electronics such as mobile phones [17] (serving as a gesture recognition system). It is now safe to assert that the idea of radar sensors being ubiquitous is not far-fetched anymore due to their miniaturization, affordability, and utility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interchannel Interference and Mitigation in Distributed MIMO RF Sensing

Waqar

Pätzold

2021

Sensors

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In this paper, we analyze and mitigate the cross-channel interference, which is found in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radio frequency (RF) sensing systems. For a millimeter wave (mm-Wave) MIMO system, we present a geometrical three-dimensional (3D) channel model to simulate the time-variant (TV) trajectories of a moving scatterer. We collected RF data using a state-of-the-art radar known as Ancortek SDR-KIT 2400T2R4, which is a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) MIMO radar system operating in the K-band. The Ancortek radar is currently the only K-band MIMO commercial radar system that offers customized antenna configurations. It is shown that this radar system encounters the problem of interference between the various subchannels. We propose an optimal approach to mitigate the problem of cross-channel interference by inducing a propagation delay in one of the channels and apply range gating. The measurement results prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach by demonstrating a complete elimination of the interference problem. The application of the proposed solution on Ancortek’s SDR-KIT 2400T2R4 allows resolving all subchannel links in a distributed MIMO configuration. This allows using MIMO RF sensing techniques to track a moving scatterer (target) regardless of its direction of motion.

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Section: Radar System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interchannel Interference and Mitigation in Distributed MIMO RF Sensing

Waqar

Pätzold

2021

Sensors

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“…CC BY 4.0 License. strong reflection suggests significant variation of a dielectric constant between the two media so that most of the incident energy is reflected back to the receiver at the surface, which is potentially explained by several geological models, such as: i) a high dielectric contrast may be a result of a sharp soil moisture variation (Ercoli et al 2018); ii) a sharp erosional, stratigraphic or tectonic boundary within heterogeneous deposits (Ercoli et al 2015), or iii) a contact between two considerably different lithologies, such as unconsolidated deposits laying above a bedrock substrate (e.g., Frigeri and Ercoli 2020) reflecting back all (or almost all) the incident signal. In addition, the possible role of conductive sediments within layered deposits (e.g.…”

Section: Figure 7 Herementioning

confidence: 99%

GPR signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy

Ercoli

Cirillo

Pauselli

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. With the aim of unveiling evidence of Late Quaternary faulting, a series of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles were acquired across the Campotenese continental basin (Mt. Pollino region) in the southern Apennines active extensional belt (Italy). A set of forty-nine 300 MHz and 500 MHz GPR profiles, traced nearly perpendicular to a buried normal fault, were acquired and carefully processed through a customized workflow. The data interpretation allowed us to reconstruct a pseudo-3D model depicting the boundary between the Mesozoic bedrock and the sedimentary fill of the basin, which were in close proximity to the fault. Once reviewing and defining the GPR signature of faulting, we highlight in our data how near surface alluvial and colluvial sediments appear to be dislocated by a set of conjugate (west and east-dipping) discontinuities that penetrate inside the underlying Triassic dolostones. Close to the contact between the continental deposits and the bedrock, some buried scarps which offset wedge-shaped deposits are interpreted as coseismic ruptures, subsequently sealed by later deposits. Although the use of pseudo-3D GPR data implies more complexity linking the geophysical features among the radar images, we have reconstructed a reliable subsurface fault pattern, discriminating master faults and a series of secondary splays. We believe our contribution provides an improvement in the characterization of active faults in the study area which falls within the Pollino seismic gap and is considered potentially prone to severe surface faulting. Our aim is for our approach and workflow to be of inspiration for further studies in the region as well as for similar high seismic hazard areas characterized by scarcity of near-surface data.

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“…The work presented in this paper is a step forward in that direction, where we have addressed the problem of the direction-independent recognition of human activities and proposed an effective solution in the context of RF sensing. It should be mentioned that radars have traditionally been deployed by official or governmental entities in application areas such as weather [19], naval [20] and aerial surveillance [21], air defense [22], ground traffic control [23], altimeters [24], geology [25], and astronomical research [26]. However, due to their miniaturization and cost effectiveness, the current radar systems have found utilization in self-driving cars [27][28][29], emerging medical solutions [30], and HAR systems [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introduction 1general Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Activity Signatures Captured under Different Directions Using SISO and MIMO Radar Systems

2022

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In this paper, we highlight and resolve the shortcomings of single-input single-output (SISO) millimeter wave (mm-Wave) radar systems for human activity recognition (HAR). A 2×2 distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar framework is presented to capture human activity signatures under realistic conditions in indoor environments. We propose to distribute the two pairs of collocated transmitter–receiver antennas in order to illuminate the indoor environment from different perspectives. For the proposed MIMO system, we measure the time-variant (TV) radial velocity distribution and TV mean radial velocity to observe the signatures of human activities. We deploy the Ancortek SDR-KIT 2400T2R4 mm-Wave radar in a SISO as well as a 2×2 distributed MIMO configuration. We corroborate the limitations of SISO configurations by recording real human activities in different directions. It is shown that, unlike the SISO radar configuration, the proposed MIMO configuration has the ability to obtain superior human activity signatures for all directions. To signify the importance of the proposed 2×2 MIMO radar system, we compared the performance of a SISO radar-based passive step counter with a distributed MIMO radar-based passive step counter. As the proposed 2×2 MIMO radar system is able to detect human activity in all directions, it fills a research gap of radio frequency (RF)-based HAR systems.

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The ScanMars Subsurface Radar Sounding Experiment on AMADEE-18

Cited by 6 publications

References 93 publications

Interchannel Interference and Mitigation in Distributed MIMO RF Sensing

Interchannel Interference and Mitigation in Distributed MIMO RF Sensing

GPR signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy

Human Activity Signatures Captured under Different Directions Using SISO and MIMO Radar Systems

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