The Schedule of Racist Events: A Measure of Racial Discrimination and a Study of Its Negative Physical and Mental Health Consequences

Landrine, Hope; Klonoff, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1177/00957984960222002

Cited by 978 publications

(1,094 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, a key strength of this item is that it measured both positive and negative discrimination, whereas existing multi-item validated measures of perceived discrimination focus only on negative discrimination. [13][14][15] In conclusion, we found that there is no statistically significant independent relationship between negative discrimination and the utilization of standard preventive health services, nor is there an independent relationship between positive discrimination and utilization of most services. Future studies exploring the link between perceived discrimination and health outcomes should focus on biological mechanisms 2 or other health behaviors that may be shaped by perceived discrimination, such as following medical advice or treatment adherence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Perceived Discrimination in Health Care and Use of Preventive Health Services

et al. 2008

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between perceived discrimination and preventive health care utilization. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS:Cross-sectional analysis using the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System "Reactions to Race" module (N = 28,839). MEASUREMENTS:Outcomes were self-reported utilization of seven preventive health services. Predictors included perceived negative and positive racial discrimination (vs. none) while seeking health care in the past year. Multivariable models adjusted for additional patient characteristics. MAIN RESULTS:In unadjusted models, negative discrimination was significantly associated with less utilization of mammogram, pap test, PSA test, blood stool test, and sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy (ORs = 0.53-0.73, p < .05), but not flu or pneumococcal vaccines (ORs = 0.76 and 0.84). Positive discrimination was significantly associated with more utilization of all services (ORs = 1.29-1.58, p < .05) except pap test (OR = 0.94). In adjusted models, neither negative nor positive discrimination was predictive of utilization, except for PSA test (positive discrimination OR = 1.33, p < .05).CONCLUSIONS: Perceived racial discrimination in health care does not independently predict preventive health care utilization.KEY WORDS: perceived discrimination; preventive health; behavioral risk factor surveillance system; centers for disease control and prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Perceived Discrimination in Health Care and Use of Preventive Health Services

et al. 2008

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“…Racial and ethnic discrimination has also been seen as affecting physical health through negative health behaviors, because several studies have consistently shown the relationship between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and risky behaviors such as smoking and substance abuse (e.g., Borrell et al, 2010;Harris et al, 2006;Landrine & Klonoff, 1996).…”

Section: Racial/ethnic Discrimination and Psychological Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and psychological outcomes among adult international adoptees in Finland: Moderating effects of social support and sense of coherence.

Koskinen

Elovainio

Raaska

et al. 2015

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

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Quantitative literature on international adoptees and racial/ethnic discrimination is lacking despite results in qualitative studies from Europe and the United States that have consistently indicated how racism constantly complicates adoptees' everyday lives. To advance the literature, the present study examined the prevalence of perceived racial/ethnic discrimination among 213 adult international adoptees in Finland (59.6% women and 40.4% men, mean age 24.1 years), and the association between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and psychological well-being indicators, including psychological distress and sleeping problems.In addition, we examined social support and sense of coherence as moderators of the association between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and psychological well-being. Our results showed that on average adult international adoptees perceived racial/ethnic discrimination occasionally. Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated a significant association between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and psychological distress and sleeping problems. Additionally, a significant two-way interaction of perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and social support indicated that the availability of social support may moderate the association between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and psychological distress such that adoptees with high levels of social support may be protected from the Running head: PERCEIVED RACIAL/ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION 3 harmful effects of discrimination. These results highlight the meaning of social support in reducing the harmful effects of racial/ethnic discrimination on international adoptees.Finland is a Scandinavian state with one of the world's most comprehensive welfare systems, a high-quality education system, gender equality and human rights. Compared with other Nordic and most European countries, the number of people with a foreign background is still small in Finland. In 2011, the number of people of foreign origin was 257,000, about 5% of the total population of 5.4 million. By continent, 59% of all people with a foreign background were of European origin, 23% were of Asian origin, and 12% were of African

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“…and their negative sequelae (i.e., emotional distress), based on conceptualizations of stigma as a stressor (see Miller & Kaiser, 2001). The link between emotional distress and stigmatizing events, as well as support for the hypothesis that discriminating events cause distress, has been documented in empirical studies on gender and race/ethnicity based stigma (Landrine, Klonoff, Gibbs, Manning, Lund, 1995;Landrine & Klonoff, 1996;Swim, 2001). Several empirical studies among PLH have documented the association between HIV-stigma and depression (Lee, Kochman, Sikkema, 2002;Lichtenstein, Laska, & Claire, 2002;Crandall & Coleman, 2002;Laryea & Gien, 1993;Berger, Ferrans, & Lashley, 2001), as well as anxiety, alienation, social conflict, and poor social support (Berger et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of HIV-related stigma among young people living with HIV.

Swendeman¹,

Rotheram‐Borus²,

Comulada³

et al. 2006

Health Psychology

151

109

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Enacted and perceived HIV-stigma was examined among substance using young people living with HIV (YPLH) in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York City (N = 147). Almost all YPLH (89%) reported perceived stigma and 31% report enacted experiences in the past three months; 64% reported experiences during their lifetime. The HIV-stigma questions were characterized by factors of avoidance, social rejections, abuse and shame. In multivariate models enacted stigma was associated with gay/bisexual identity, symptomatic HIV or AIDS, and bartering sex. Perceived stigma was associated with female gender, symptomatic HIV or AIDS, bartering sex, lower injection drug use, and fewer friends and family knowing serostatus. Gay/bisexual YPLH who were also HIV symptomatic or AIDS diagnosed experienced more HIV-stigma than their heterosexual peers.

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The Schedule of Racist Events: A Measure of Racial Discrimination and a Study of Its Negative Physical and Mental Health Consequences

Cited by 978 publications

References 14 publications

Perceived Discrimination in Health Care and Use of Preventive Health Services

Perceived Discrimination in Health Care and Use of Preventive Health Services

Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and psychological outcomes among adult international adoptees in Finland: Moderating effects of social support and sense of coherence.

Predictors of HIV-related stigma among young people living with HIV.

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