The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire for Children (SPQ-C): Factor Structure, Child Abuse, and Family History of Schizotypy

Raine, Adrian; Wong, Keri Ka‐Yee; Liu, Jianghong

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa100

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“… 40 Three factors of flat affect, avolition, and social withdrawal were identified; however, competing theory-based models with a greater (or fewer) number of factors were not tested. A recent CFA of schizotypal personality traits (a related construct) in adolescence using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire for Children (SPQ-C 41 ) found a 3-factor structure of negative (interpersonal), disorganized, and positive (cognitive-perceptual) domains, 42 similar to that found in adults, 43 though negative/ interpersonal schizotypy has not been analyzed as a separate dimension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Latent Structure of Negative Symptoms in the General Population in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

Havers

Cardno

Freeman

et al. 2022

Schizophrenia Bulletin Open

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Negative symptoms predict adverse outcomes within psychotic disorders, in individuals at high-risk for psychosis, and in young people in the community. There is considerable interest in the dimensional structure of negative symptoms in clinical samples, and accumulating evidence suggests a 5-factor structure. Little is known about the underlying structure of negative symptoms in young people despite the importance of this developmental stage for mental health. We used confirmatory factor analysis to test the structure of parent-reported negative symptoms at mean ages 16.32 (SD 0.68, N = 4974), 17.06 (SD 0.88, N = 1469) and 22.30 (SD 0.93, N = 5179) in a community sample. Given previously reported associations between total negative symptoms and genome-wide polygenic scores (GPS) for major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia in adolescence, we assessed associations between individual subdomains and these GPSs. A 5-factor model of flat affect, alogia, avolition, anhedonia and asociality provided the best fit at each age and was invariant over time. The results of our linear regression analyses showed associations between MDD GPS with avolition, flat affect, anhedonia and asociality, and between schizophrenia GPS with avolition and flat affect. We showed that a 5-factor structure of negative symptoms is present from ages 16 to 22 in the community. Avolition was most consistently associated with polygenic liability to MDD and schizophrenia, and alogia was least associated. These findings highlight the value of dissecting negative symptoms into psychometrically derived subdomains and may offer insights into early manifestation of genetic risk for MDD and schizophrenia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Latent Structure of Negative Symptoms in the General Population in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

Havers

Cardno

Freeman

et al. 2022

Schizophrenia Bulletin Open

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“…To construct the nal model and obtain the structural domains-empowerment indices-oblique rotation was adopted over orthogonal rotation to account for the potential correlation between factors (22). In the third step, the internal reliability of the overall index and individual domain was examined by Cronbach's α test (Table 2) (27,28) and domains with a Cronbach's α value < 50% as well as the variables that removing them signi cantly improve the Cronbach's α coe cients, were dropped (29,30). In the last step, the construct validity of the index was assessed by con rmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the other half of the sample to estimate how well the measured variables represent the number of emerged constructs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Survey-based Women Empowerment Index for Afghanistan (SWEIA): An Explanatory Analyses of the Afghanistan Demographic Health Survey 2015

Dadras

2022

Preprint

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Background Although there are several scales to measure women empowerment, the multidimensionality of women empowerment introduced enormous challenges in the quantification and comparability of the results across different contexts. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a country-specific index to measure women's empowerment in Afghanistan. Methods The data from the 2015 Afghanistan demographic health survey (ADHS) was used for the analysis. The dataset was randomly divided into two samples‒one for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the other for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)‒ of women aged 15–49 years. The data on 26 variables across different domains (labor force participation, attitude toward violence, decision-making, access to healthcare, literacy, age at critical life events, and property-owning) were used in EFA to probe the underlying domains in the data. CFA examines the structural validity of hypothesized factors in EFA. Results The final model included 22 indicators across seven domains including labor force participation, attitude toward violence, decision-making, access to healthcare, literacy, age at critical life events, and property-owning. Discussion The index developed in this study shares a common ground for future research concerning Afghan women empowerment and its associated outcomes such as intimate partner violence, reproductive and maternity outcomes, and child health; thus, enhancing the comparability of the results. In addition, having a standard index for women empowerment at the individual and country level could help assess the progress and efforts that have been made to achieve gender equality (SDG 5), and guide the direction of future policies and interventions.

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“…To construct the final model and obtain the structural domains‒empowerment indices‒oblique rotation was adopted over orthogonal rotation to account for the potential correlation between factors [ 29 ]. In the third step, the internal reliability of the overall index and individual domain was assessed by Cronbach’s α test (Table 2 ) [ 34 , 35 ] and domains with a Cronbach’s α value < 50% as well as the variables that removing them significantly improve the Cronbach’s α coefficients, were dropped [ 36 , 37 ]. In the last step, the construct validity of the index was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the other half of the sample to estimate how well the measured variables represent the number of emerged constructs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women empowerment and access to maternity and reproductive healthcare in Pakistan: cross-validation of a Survey-based Index in Afghanistan (SWEI-A)

Dadras

Jafari

et al. 2022

BMC Women's Health

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Background Despite the obvious violation of women’s rights in Pakistan and the vital necessity for women empowerment, a unified country-specific index measuring women empowerment is not yet available. This study cross-validated a survey-based women empowerment index from Afghanistan to be used in Pakistan. Methods The data for married Pakistani women aged 15–49 in the 2017–18 Pakistan demographic health survey was used to construct the final model using the explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses. The Cronbach’s alpha test examined the internal consistency of the developed index. To assess the convergence validity of the index, the association of each emerged domain with indicators of access to reproductive and maternity care was assessed by Poisson regression analysis adjusting for wealth index. Results The final index had six domains; namely, labor force participation, attitude toward violence, decision-making, access to healthcare, literacy, age at critical life events predicting women empowerment of married Pakistani women with decent reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.70), and validity (SRSEA&SRMR < 0.05, CFI&TLI > 0.92). The emerged domains were significantly associated with at least one of four indicators for access to reproductive and maternity care; indicative of a favorable convergence validity. Conclusion Pakistan and Afghanistan are associated as brother countries with shared religious and ethnocultural identities in which women are perceived inferior to men and in critical need of empowering efforts. The results of this study reflect upon this resemblance in sociocultural structure by yielding similar domains for women's empowerment in Pakistan building upon an index previously developed for Afghan women. The developed index could inform the design of future policies, interventions, and research recognizing the important indicators of women empowerment in Pakistan and could enhance the comparability of the results across future studies.

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The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire for Children (SPQ-C): Factor Structure, Child Abuse, and Family History of Schizotypy

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

The Latent Structure of Negative Symptoms in the General Population in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

The Latent Structure of Negative Symptoms in the General Population in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

Development of a Survey-based Women Empowerment Index for Afghanistan (SWEIA): An Explanatory Analyses of the Afghanistan Demographic Health Survey 2015

Women empowerment and access to maternity and reproductive healthcare in Pakistan: cross-validation of a Survey-based Index in Afghanistan (SWEI-A)

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